Computers Timeline of Computer History Computer History Museum

Evolution to acquire в‚¬450m Big Time Gaming

This simple demo circuit was a concept demonstration for applying Bouul logic to a computer design, and a rela y-based complex computing model I was completed in 1939. In the same year, engineer Conrad Zze, an engineer, made a Z2 computer using a telephone company relay.

Hewlett-Packard is founded

Hewlett and Packard at the garage workshop

David Packard and Bill Hewlett establish a company with a garage in Palo Alto, California. The first product, HP 200A Audio Oscillator, quickly became a popular test equipment for engineers. Walt Disney Pictures has ordered eight 200B models to test the recorded devices and speaker systems of 12 special theaters, a 1940 movie Fantasia.

The Complex Number Calculator (CNC) is completed

Operator of complex multiple calculator (CNC)

In 1939, the Bell Telephone Research Institute completed the computer designed by scientist George Stibitz. In 1940, Stybitz announced the CNC at the American Mathematics Association held at Dartmas University. Stybitz used a telephon e-type terminal connected to New York on a special telephone line to surprise the group by remotely calculation on CNC (in New York). This is probably the first example of remote access computing.

Konrad Zuse finishes the Z3 Computer

Zusu Z3 computer

The Z3 is an early computer made completely isolated by German engineer Conrart Zze, using 2. 300 relays, executing a binary floating point operation, and the ward length is 22. It was a bit. The Z3 was used for aeronautical calculation, but was destroyed by the Berlin air raid at the end of 1943. Later, Zume supervised the restoration of Z3 in the 1960s and is now on display at the German Museum in Munich.

The first Bombe is completed

Bombbe replica, Bretchley Park, UK

During World War II, the British Bomb, which was created as an electrical and mechanical means to decipher military communication based on the Enigma in the Nazi, was designed by the computer pioneer Alan Tuuling and the British aggregated machine company Harold Keene. Ta. Hundreds of Allied bombs were created to determine the starting position of the Enigma Crypto's rotor every day, thereby the Allies to decipher German messages. The basic idea of a bomb is derived from Bomba in 1938 by Polish deciphered Marian Legefski.

The Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) is completed

Atanaso v-Berry Computer

After successfully demonstrating a proof-of-concept prototype in 1939, Professor John Vincent Atanasoff obtained funding to build a full-scale machine at Iowa State University (now University of Iowa). The machine was designed and built by Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry between 1939 and 1942. The ABC was at the center of a patent dispute surrounding the invention of the computer, but was resolved in 1973 when Eniac co-designer John Mauchly discovered he had seen the ABC in action.

Atanasoff was declared the creator of several important computer ideas, but the computer as a concept was unchallenged and freely available to all. In 1997, a complete working copy of the ABC was completed, proving that the ABC machine worked as Atanasoff claimed. This replica is now on display at the Computer History Museum.

Bell Labs Relay Interpolator is completed

George Stibitz circa 1940

The US military asked Bell Labs to design a machine to help test the M-9 Gun Manager, a type of analog computer that aimed large artillery guns at targets. Mathematician George Stibitz recommended the use of a relay calculator for the project. The result was a relay repeater that would later be called the Bell Labs Model II. His relay repeater used 440 relays and was programmable on paper, so it was used for other purposes after the war.

Curt Herzstark designs Curta calculator

Kurta Type I Computer

Kurt Herzstark was an Austrian engineer who worked in his family's manufacturing business until he was captured by the Nazis in 1943. He was imprisoned in the Buchenwald concentration camp for the remainder of World War II. His version of Leibniz's "step drum" design. After the war, Herzstark's Kurta went down in history as the smallest mechanical four-function calculator ever made.

First Colossus operational at Bletchley Park

Colossus in the works at Bletchley Park

Colossus, designed by British engineer Tommy Flowers, was designed to decipher the complex Lorentz cipher used by the Nazis during World War II. A total of 10 Colossus was delivered, and each of the up to 2. 500 vacuum tubes were used. A series of pulley carries a continuous roll of punch tape that contains the possible solution to a specific ciphe. Colossus reduced the time to decipher Lorentz messages from weeks to hours. Most historian believes that the use of the Colossus machine has become a clue to the enemies' intentions and beliefs, and has greatly reduced the war. The existence of this machine was not published until the 1970s.

Harvard Mark 1 is completed

Harvard Mark 1 completed

Harvard Mark 1, designed and manufactured by IBM, invented by Harvard University Professor Howard Eiken, is a roo m-sized relay computer. The machine had a camshaft with a length of 5 0-fins, synchronized thousands of components on the machine, and used 3. 500 relays. Mark 1 created a mathematical table, but was immediately replaced by a preserved program computer.

John von Neumann writes First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC

John von Neumann

Among the widely disseminated papers, the mathematician John von Neumann, which eliminates more clumsy programming methods, such as plugboards, punch cards, and paper, contains programming information and electronic storage of data. He describes the architecture of the computer. Hungaria n-born von Neiman showed surprising expertise in fluid mechanics, ballistic, meteorology, game theory, statistics, and the use of mechanical devices for calculation. After the war, he focused on the development of the Princeton Higher Research Institute.

Moore School lectures take place

Pennsylvania University Moore School Building

The exciting summer school on the calculation held at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, the University of Pennsylvania, stimulates the construction of accumulated programs in the United States, France, the United Kingdom, German universities and research institutions. Lecturers include early computer designers such as John von Neumann, Howard Aken, J. Presper Eukkart, John Mokuri, and mathematicians such as Derrick Remar, George Stybitz, and Douglas Heartley. I joined. The students were later computers pioneers, such as Maurice Wilks, Claude Shannon, David Lease, and Jay Forester. The free open lecture affected EDSAC, BINAC, and later IAS Mashin Clones, such as Abidak.

Project Whirlwind begins

MIT tornado installation

During World War II, the U. S. Navy offered to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) a training flight simulator for a firing unit. The team led by MIT's Gordon Brown and Jay Forester first created a small analog simulator, but found that it was incorrect and hard. In the same year, inspired by a groundbreaking computer, the team changed policies and tried digital solutions that could quickly program software variables. The Whirlwind, completed in 1951, is one of the most important projects in computer history. Forester's magnetic core memory has become the mainstream of computer hig h-speed random access memory by the mi d-1970s.

Public unveiling of ENIAC

The Eniac Computing System, announced in 1943, was created by John Mowkley and J. Presper Eukkart, Department of Electric Engineering, University of Pennsylvania. Due to electronics, unlike electrical machinery technology, it was more than 1. 000 times faster than any other computer. ENIAC used wiring and switches for programming, accounted for more than 1, 000 square feet, used about 18, 000 vacuum tubes, and weighed 30 tons. Eniac is believed to have made more calculations in the 10 years of operating than the calculations conducted by all mankind.

First Computer Program to Run on a Computer

Kilburn (left) and Williams in front of "Baby"

Jeff Tutil, a researcher Frederick Williams, and Jeff Tutil, a researcher at Manchester University, has developed a smal l-scale experimental machine (SSEM) known as Manchester's "Baby". Baby is created to test new memory technology developed by Williams and Kilburn (later known as Tube Williams), and is the first hig h-speed random access electronic memory for computers. The first program written by Killburn was run on June 21, 1948. This was the first program in the history of digital, electrons, and memorable program computers.

SSEC goes on display

During World War II, the U. S. Navy offered a flight simulator for a firing unit during World War II

The IBM engineer, Wallace Eckato, the sequenc e-selected electronic computing (SSEC) project, uses both relays and vacuum tubes, and processes scientific data at a speed of 50 times per second at 14x14 digital multiplication. Before being abolished in 1952, SSEC created a monthly position used for the initial plan of the Lunar Landing Lunning of Apollo XII in 1969. These tables were later confirmed on an actual flight using a more modern computer. SSEC was one of the last generations of supercomputers made using electrical machinery technology.

CSIRAC runs first program

Many early digital computers were based on similar designs like IAS and replicas, but some unique designs like CSIRAC. CSIRAC was made by the Australian Science Research Council in Sydney, Australia, designed by the U K-born trever piercies to use it in Sydney's Physics Institute. She moved to the University of Melbourne University in Melbourne in 1955 and was used until 1964.

EDSAC completed

The EDSAC, the first practical stalled program computer that provides regular computer services, was created at Cambridge University using vacuum tube and mercury delay. The EDSAC project was led by Maurice Wilks, a professor at Cambridge University and Director of Cambridge. Wilks developed ideas from the Moore School lecture three years ago. The major progress of programming was to use a short program library called "Sabutin". The subroutine was stored in a punched piece of paper and used to execute general repeated calculations in a large program.

MADDIDA developed

Madida (magnetic drum type digital differential analysis) Prototype) Original

Maddida is a digital dru m-based differential analyzer. This type of computer is convenient for executing many formulas that scientists and engineers encounter at work. Originally, in 1949, it was created by Fred Steel's team for a nuclear missile design project, using 53 vacuum tubes and hundreds of germanium diodes, and had magnetic drums for memory. Peace in the drum made mathematical integration. Madida flew around the United States to John von Neumann to demonstrate, and he was impressed. Northlop was initially reluctant to market Madida, but six were sold by the end of 1952.

Manchester Mark I completed

Manchester Mark I

Mark I, a team led by engineers Frederick Williams and Tom Kilburn, became a ferrin g-first computer, Ferring Mark 1 prototype. The Memory System of Williams Kilbern's vacuum tube was later adopted in many early computer systems around the world.

ERA 1101 introduced

One of the first commercially produced computers, the company's first customer was the US Navy. The 1101, designed by ERA and manufactured by Remington-Land, has stored 1 million bit in magnetic drums for the purpose of high-speed calculation. The basic structure of 1101 was reused by Remington Land computer by the 1960s.

NPL Pilot ACE completed

Based on the idea of Alan Tuuling, a British ACE pilot computer is manufactured at the National Institute of Physics. Turing is a symposium for larg e-scale digital calculators held in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1947, saying, "We try to make a machine that can be different only by programming, rather than adding extra devices. I'm doing it. " In this design, 800 vacuum tubes were included in a relatively compact size of 12 square feet.

Plans to build the Simon 1 relay logic machine are published

Simon displayed the cover of "Scientific American" in the November 1950 issue.

The Hobby magazine Radio ELECTRONICS published the design of Edmond Berkeley's relay computer "Simon 1" from 1950 to 1951. Simon 1 used a relay logic, with a production cost of about $ 600. Berkelley states in his book, Giant Brains: Let's call it Simon after its predecessor, simple Simon. Simon is very simple and in fact, so it can be made in a space smaller than grocery boxes. About 4 cubic feet.

SEAC and SWAC completed

Standard Eastern Automatic Computers (SEAC) are one of the first stod program computers in the United States. It was built in Washington, D. C. as a test base for evaluating components and systems and setting up a computer standard. It is one of the first computers that adopted al l-pass logic, which is more reliable than a vacuum tube. The world's first scan image was created in SEAC in 1957 by engineer Russell Kirsch.

NBS also produced a standard western automatic calculator (SWAC) at the UCLA campus numerical analysis research institute. SWAC was created using the technology that had already been developed, rather than testing components like SEAC. SWAC was used to solve numerical analysis problems, such as the development of climate models and the discovery of five Mercennes that had not been known before.

Ferranti Mark I sold

Ferring Mark 1

The title of the first genera l-purpose computers will be given to the British Ferranie Mark I, which sold the first Mark I computer to Manchester University. Mark 1 also improved the Manchester "Baby" computer and the Manchester "Mark 1" computer, which was also experimentally developed at the University of Manchester. The contract with the British government spurred the initial development, but the change of government was cut off, the second, and the other Mark I was sold to the University of Toronte, and was renamed Ferut.

First Univac 1 delivered to US Census Bureau

Installation of Una back 1

Unback 1 is the first commercial computer that attracted the public's attention. It was made by Remington Land, but was often called "IBM Unaback". Unbuck computers were used for various purposes, but public works, insurance companies, and the US military were the main customers. One Bible scholar created a brain of the Kinjin translation Bible using Unaback 1. Una back 1, created by the ENIAC computer designer, Pressper Eukkart and John Mokley, uses 5. 200 vacuum tubes, weighs 29. 000 pounds, and finally manufactures 46 unbacks 1 million dollars per million. It was done.

J. Lyons & Company introduce LEO-1

Leo, designed in accordance with the EDSAC computer at Cambridge University, was produced by Lion Tee Shada to solve the production of hundreds of lion tea shops throughout the UK and cake delivery scheduling problems. 。 After the first success of LEO, Lions focused on computer production to meet the growing needs of data processing systems in business. LEO is the first commercial computer in the United Kingdom and has done useful work faster than any commercial computer system around the world.

IAS computer operational

Los Alamos's Maniac < SPAN> NBS has also produced a standard western automatic calculator (SWAC) at a numerical analysis research institute on the UCLA campus. SWAC was created using the technology that had already been developed, rather than testing components like SEAC. SWAC was used to solve numerical analysis problems, such as the development of climate models and the discovery of five Mercennes that had not been known before.

Ferring Mark 1

Grimsdale and Webb build early transistorized computer

Installation of Una back 1

IBM ships its Model 701 Electronic Data Processing Machine

Unback 1 is the first commercial computer that attracted the public's attention. It was made by Remington Land, but was often called "IBM Unaback". Unbuck computers were used for various purposes, but public works, insurance companies, and the US military were the main customers. One Bible scholar created a brain of the Kinjin translation Bible using Unaback 1. Una back 1, created by Pressper Eukkart and John Mokley, designer of the ENIAC computer, uses 5. 200 vacuum tubes, weighs £ 29. 2 and finally manufactures 46 units of 1 million dollars per million units. It was done.

RAND Corporation completes Johnniac computer

Rostramos's Maniacnbs also created a standard western automatic calculator (SWAC) at the UCLA campus numerical analysis research institute. SWAC was created using the technology that had already been developed, rather than testing components like SEAC. SWAC was used to solve numerical analysis problems, such as the development of climate models and the discovery of five Mercennes that had not been known before.

Ferring Mark 1

IBM 650 magnetic drum calculator introduced

English Electric DEUCE introduced

Installation of Una back 1

Unback 1 is the first commercial computer that attracted the public's attention. It was made by Remington Land, but was often called "IBM Unaback". Unbuck computers were used for various purposes, but public works, insurance companies, and the US military were the main customers. One Bible scholar created a brain of the Kinjin translation Bible using Unaback 1. Una back 1, created by Pressper Eukkart and John Mokley, designer of the ENIAC computer, uses 5. 200 vacuum tubes, weighs £ 29. 2 and finally manufactures 46 units of 1 million dollars per million units. It was done.

Direct keyboard input to computers

Los Alamos Maniac

Librascope LGP-30 introduced

The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) computer was a multi-year research project under the overall supervision of world-renowned mathematician John von Neumann. The concept of storing both data and instructions in memory became known as the "stored program concept" to distinguish it from earlier methods of teaching computers. The IAS computer was designed for scientific calculations and was essential to the U. S. atomic weapons program. The basic design of the IAS machine was subsequently copied and similarly named at least 17 other places, including the MANIAC at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, the ILLIAC at the University of Illinois, the Johnniac at the RAND Corporation, and the SILLIAC in Australia.

MIT researchers build the TX-0

Transistors in the Manchester Computer

Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) founded

Richard Grimsdale and Douglas Webb demonstrated a prototype transistor computer, the Manchester TC, on November 16, 1953, under Tom Kilburn at the University of Manchester, England. The 48-bit machine used 92 contact transistors and 550 diodes.

Cuthbert Hurd (standing) and Thomas Watson Sr. at the IBM 701 console

RCA introduces its Model 501 transistorized computer

During its three-year production run, IBM sold 19 701s to research laboratories, aircraft companies, and the federal government. Also known internally as the "Defense Computer," the 701 rented for $15, 000 per month. Programmer Arthur Samuels used the 701 to write the first computer program designed to play checkers. The 701 also marked the beginning of IBM's entry into the large-scale computer market.

The Johniack at the RAND Corporation

SAGE system goes online

The Johniack computer was one of 17 computers based on the basic design of the Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) at Princeton, and was named after John von Neumann, a world-renowned mathematician and computer pioneer of the time. The Johniack was used for scientific and engineering calculations. It was also expanded and improved many times during its 13-year lifespan. Many innovative programs were written for the Johnniac, including the JOSS timing system, which allowed multiple users to access the machine simultaneously. The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) computer was a multi-year research project under the overall supervision of world-renowned mathematician John von Neumann. The concept of storing both data and instructions in memory became known as the "stored program concept" to distinguish it from earlier methods of teaching computers. The IAS computer was designed for scientific calculations and was essential to the U. S. atomic weapons program. The basic design of the IAS machine was subsequently copied and similarly named at least 17 other places, including the MANIAC at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, the ILLIAC at the University of Illinois, the Johnniac at the RAND Corporation, and the SILLIAC in Australia.

Transistors in the Manchester Computer

DEC PDP-1 introduced

Richard Grimsdale and Douglas Webb demonstrated a prototype transistor computer, the Manchester TC, on November 16, 1953, under Tom Kilburn at the University of Manchester, England. This 48-bit machine used 92 contact transistors and 550 diodes.

Cuthbert Hurd (standing) and Thomas Watson Sr. at the IBM 701 console

NEAC 2203 goes online

During its three-year production run, IBM sold 19 701s to research laboratories, aircraft companies, and the federal government. Also known within IBM as the "Defense Computer," the 701 rented for $15, 000 per month. Programmer Arthur Samuels used the 701 to write the first computer program designed to play checkers. The introduction of the 701 also marked the beginning of IBM's entry into the large-scale computer market.

The John Neumann Computer at the RAND Corporation

IBM 7030 (“Stretch”) completed

The John Neumann Computer was one of 17 computers based on the basic design of the Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) at Princeton, and was named after John von Neumann, a world-renowned mathematician and computer pioneer of the time. The John Neumann was used for scientific and engineering calculations. It was expanded and improved over its 13-year lifespan. Many innovative programs were written for the Johnniac, including the JOSS timing system, which allowed multiple users to access the machine simultaneously. The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) computer was a multi-year research project under the overall supervision of world-renowned mathematician John von Neumann. The concept of storing both data and instructions in memory became known as the "stored program concept" to distinguish it from earlier methods of teaching computers. The IAS computer was designed for scientific computing and was essential to the U. S. atomic weapons program. The basic design of the IAS machine was subsequently copied and similarly named at least 17 other places, including the MANIAC at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, the ILLIAC at the University of Illinois, the Johnniac at the RAND Corporation, and the SILLIAC in Australia.

IBM Introduces 1400 series

Transistors in the Manchester Computer

Minuteman I missile guidance computer developed

Richard Grimsdale and Douglas Webb demonstrated a prototype transistor computer, the Manchester TC, on November 16, 1953, under Tom Kilburn at the University of Manchester, England. This 48-bit machine used 92 contact transistors and 550 diodes.

Cuthbert Hurd (standing) and Thomas Watson Sr. at the IBM 701 console

Naval Tactical Data System introduced

The John Neumann Computer at the RAND Corporation

MIT LINC introduced

IBM established 650 as the first mass computer agent and sold 450 units in just one year. The 650 magnetic data storage drum rotating with 12. 500bp. h. Has much faster access to saved information than other dru m-based machines. The 650 model was very popular in universities, and some students learned programming for the first time.

The Atlas Computer debuts

English Electric Deuse

Alan Tuuling's trials of ACE, a commercial version of the ACE, is called Deuse (Universal Computing Digital Computer), mainly for science and engineering issues, and some commercial purposes. More than 30 were completed, one of which was delivered to Australia.

CDC 6600 supercomputer introduced

Joe Thompson at Tsumuj i-style console, 1951 California

Digital Equipment Corporation introduces the PDP-8

At Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), researchers have started experiments directly to the computer, which is a pioneer in today's computer's general operation method. Usually, computer users at the time were entering a program on the computer using punch cards and paper cards. Doug Ross wrote a memo supporting direct access in February. Ross claimed that if a flexible type (electrica l-controlled typewriter) is connected to a MIT computer, it will function as a keyboard input device because it is inexpensive and flexible. Five months later, experiments on MIT's World Computer confirmed how useful and useful keyboard input devices were.

IBM announces System/360

Physiologist Stan Frankel, who is interested in small genera l-purpose computers, has developed minac at California Institute of Technology. Defense contractor General Libras Corp purchased Frankel design and renamed LGP-30 in 1956. The LGP-30, which was used for science, engineering, and simple data processing, was a "bargain" of less than $ 50. 000, and was an early example of a "personal computer", a single user computer.

TX-0 ("Transistor Experimental-0") is the first general-purpose programable computer made in transistors. In order to make it easier to replace, the designer placed each transistor circuit in a "bottle" similar to a vacuum tube. The TX-0 manufactured at the Lincoln Research Institute in MIT has been moved to the MIT Electronics Institute, writing a western drama introduced on television, the third side of the 3D, and the mouse finds Martini and gradually forgets the mouse. The initial imagination programming test was performed.

SABRE comes on-line

Maynard Mill

DEC was originally established to manufacture electronic modules for tests, measurements, prototyping, and control markets. The founders were Ken, Stan Olsen, and Harlan Anderson. The Digital Equipment Corporation, based in Mayinard, Massachusetz, has inherited a 8. 68 0-squar e-foot rental space of a 19t h-century factory, which used to produce blankets and military uniforms for soldiers who once fought in the Civil War. Georges Dorio and his pioneering Capital, American Research and Development, invested in 70 % of the DEC shares and established DEC in 1957. The factory is still used as an office park.

Teletype introduced its ASR-33 Teletype

RCA 501 pamphlet cover

The 501 is based on the "Building Block" concept, and can be very flexible to various applications. For many business users, this quick access to larg e-capacity storage supplements the relatively slow processing speed. Customers also include the US and the industry.

3C DDP-116 introduced

Sage operator station

The first larg e-scale computer communication network sage has 23 strict computer sites in the United States and Canada. The mission was to detect the flying Soviet bomber and instruct the reconnaissance aircraft to defeat. The operator instructed the action by touching the light gun on the screen of the sage air space. The air defense system used two AN/FSQ-7 computers, each of which used 55, 000 vacuum tubes, 175, 000 diodes, and 13, 000 transistors. I used 000 transistors.

Olivetti Programma 101 is released

Ed Fredkin of DEC PDP-1

The standard PDP-1 computer system sold for about $ 120, 000 is a CRT graphic display, paper output, air conditioning unnecessary, operators are all you need, all of which are becoming a mini-computer standard. 。 For a wide range of applications of PDP-1, they encourage MIT's first hackers, and they are the first electronic video game "Space War! I wrote a music playback program. PDP-1 was sold more than 50 units.

HP introduces the HP 2116A

NEAC 2203 Transistor Computer

NEAC (Nippon Electric Automatic Calculator), an early transistor computer, contains CPU, console, paper and punch reader, printer, and magnetic tape. It was sold only in Japan, but was able to handle alphabets and Japanese characters. Only about 30 cars were sold. In 1960, Kinki Nippon Railway's first online rea l-time reservation system was operated. The latter was abolished in 1979.

ILLIAC IV project begins

IBM's 7000 series mainframe computers were the company's first to use transistors. The top of the line was the 7030 model, also known as "Stretch". Featuring dozens of advanced design innovations, nine of these computers were sold, primarily to national laboratories and major scientific users. A special version known as "Harvest" was developed for the National Security Agency (NSA). The knowledge and technology developed in Project Stretch played a major role in the design, management, and construction of the later IBM/360 system, IBM's most successful computer family in history.

RCA announces its Spectra series of computers

The first of the series, the 1401 mainframe, replaced earlier vacuum tube technology with smaller, more reliable transistors. The success of this machine strongly promoted the use of general-purpose computers over specialized systems. By the mid-1960s, nearly half of the computers in the world were IBM 1401s.

Minuteman Guidance Computer

Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) makes its debut

Minuteman rockets use transistorized computers to continuously calculate their position during flight. The computer had to be rugged and fast, with advanced circuit design and reliable packaging to withstand the force of a missile launch. The military's high standards for transistors prompted manufacturers to improve quality control. When the Minuteman was decommissioned, some universities received these computers for their students to use.

Naval Tactical Data System (NTDS)

Data General Corporation introduces the Nova Minicomputer

The U. S. Navy's Tactical Data System is a computerized display of radar, sonar, and communications data. This real-time information system became operational in the early 1960s. In October 1961, the Navy tested the NTDS on the aircraft carriers USS Oriskany, USS King, and the USS Mahan frigate. After several decades of successful use, the NTDS was phased out in the 1980s, replaced by the new Aegis system.

Wesley Clark and Link

Amdahl Corporation introduces the Amdahl 470

LINC is an important example of the "personal computer". This was designed by MIT's Linkan Wesley Clark, a MIT laboratory engineer. In response to the subsidies of the US National Institute of Health (NIH), US biological medical research schools gathered in the MIT lab, created their own linkan, and brought them back to their own research institutions. For this study, the digital meeting corporate (DEC) provided parts and made 50 prototypes. The link was later sold as Linc-8 by DEC.

Installation of Tilton Atlas

First Kenbak-1 is sold

Atlas, the University of Manchester in the UK, the Ferrus Computer, and the c o-projects of Passie, started operating nine years after the Manchester Computer Research Institute began research on transistor technology. Atlas was the fastest computer in the world at the time, introducing the concept of "virtual memory", which uses disks and drums as an extension of the main memory. The control of the system is performed through the Atlas Supervisor, and some consider this to be the first true operating system.

Hewlett-Packard introduces the HP-35

The Control Data Corporation (CDC) 6600 was executed up to 3 million orders per second, three times faster than the nearest competitive opponent IBM7030 super computer. The 6600 continued to be the fastest computer of the world's fastest computer until it was overtaken by the successor to the successor to the successor to the successor to the successor to the successor to the successor to the successor to the successor. One of the reasons for the speed was the design of a computer, which reduces the load of the main processor using 10 small computers called peripheral processing units.

The Canadian Chokriver Atomic Energy Research Institute needed a special device to monitor the reactor. Two young engineers, Gordon Bell and Edson de Castra, two young engineers of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), instead of designed a custom controller, they develop small genera l-purpose computers and do their jobs. I did something strange. The version after this machine became PDP-8, the first mini-computer that succeeded in commercially successful. The PDP-8 was sold for $ 18. 000 and was one-fifth of the small IBM/360 main frame system. The PDP-8 was sold at thousands of manufacturing plants, small and medium-sized enterprises, and scientific research institutes around the world due to its speed, small size, and reasonable prices.

Intel introduces the first microprocessor

IBM 360 model 40

The System/360 is a major milestone in the history of computers. On April 7, IBM introduced five models of the System/360, with a performance range of 50:1. At the same press conference, IBM also announced 40 completely new peripherals to go with the new family. The System/360 was aimed at both professional and scientific customers, and all models ran the same software with little modification. IBM's initial investment of $5 billion was quickly recouped, as orders for the system rose to 1. 000 units per month within two years. At the time IBM released the System/360, IBM had just made the transition from discrete transistors to integrated circuits, and its main source of revenue was beginning to shift from card punching equipment to computer electronics.

Airline reservations clerk working at SABER

Laser printer invented at Xerox PARC

SABER was a joint project between American Airlines and IBM, and had been in operation since 1964. Although it was not the first computerized reservations system, it was highly talked about and influential. Running on dual IBM 7090 mainframe computer systems, SABER was inspired by IBM's earlier SAGE air defense system. Over time, SABER expanded to allow airline reservations through online services such as CompuServe, Genie, and America Online.

Students using the ASR-33

IBM SCAMP is developed

The ASR-33 teletype was originally designed as a low-cost terminal for the Western Union communications network, costing computer manufacturers about $700. During the 1960s and 1970s, the ASR-33 gained popularity as an inexpensive input/output device for small computers and many first-generation microcomputers.

DDP-116 general-purpose computer

Micral is released

Designed by engineer Gardner Hendry for the Computer Control Corporation (CCC), the DDP-116 was introduced at the Joint Computer Conference in the spring of 1965. It was the world's first commercially available 16-bit small computer, with 172 systems sold. The basic computer cost $28, 500.

The TV Typewriter plans are published

Olivetti 101 Program

Wang Laboratories releases the Wang 2200

The Olivetti 101 Program was introduced at the New York World's Fair. This programmable printing calculator was built with discrete transistors and acoustic line delay memory. The 101 could add, subtract, multiply, divide, and calculate square roots. 40, 000 were sold, 10 of which were delivered to NASA for use in the Apollo space program.

Scelbi advertises its 8H computer

HP 2116A System.

The Mark-8 appears in the pages of Radio-Electronics

The 2116A was HP's first computer. It was developed as a general-purpose instrument controller for HP's family of programmable test and measurement products, and was designed to allow calculations for customers' instrument systems in conjunction with a large number of standard laboratory instruments. The 2116A also marked HP's first use of integrated circuits in a commercial product.

The massively parallel processing computer ILLIAC IV did not enter service until 1972. It was eventually housed at NASA's Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California. The most ambitious massively parallel computer of its time, ILLIAC IV suffered from design and manufacturing problems. When finally completed, ILLIAC IV achieved a computational speed of 200 million instructions per second and 1 billion bits of I/O transfers per second, thanks to its unique combination of parallel architecture and a "pipelined" structure with 64 processing elements stacked on top of each other.

Xerox PARC Alto introduced

Image from an RCA Spectra-70 brochure

MITS Altair 8800 kit appears in Popular Electronics

It emphasized the advantages of ICs over IBM's custom SLT modules. The Spectra system was marketed based on its compatibility with the IBM System/360 computer series, since it implemented the IBM 360 instruction set and could run most IBM software with little modification.

MOS 6502 is introduced

DSKY Interface for the Apollo Guidance Computer

Designed by scientists and engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Metrology Laboratory, the Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) was the culmination of years of research to reduce the size of the Apollo spacecraft's computer from the size of seven refrigerators placed side-by-side to a compact unit weighing just 70 pounds and taking up less than one cubic foot of volume. The AGC's first flight was Apollo 7. A year later, the AGC led Apollo 11 to the surface of the Moon. Astronauts communicated with the computer by typing a two-digit code into the Display Keyboard Module (DSKY). The AGC was one of the first to use integrated circuits, and used not only core memory but also read-only magnetic rope memory. The astronauts were responsible for inputting more than 10, 000 commands to the AGC on each trip between the Earth and the Moon.

Southwest Technical Products introduces the SWTPC 6800

Edson de Castro and General Nova Data

It was started by engineers who left the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), a comprehensive data designer of the Mini Compumer Nova. Equipped with a 32KB memory, it was sold for $ 8, 000. Ed de Castro, a co-founder and lead designer in the General Data, led a team that developed DEC PDP-8 before that. The NOVA computer line lasted until the 1970s and influenced the system after Zerox Alto and Apple 1.

Tandem Computers releases the Tandem-16

Gene Amdal and Model 470V/6

Gene Amdar, the creator of the IBM/360 system, has established his company Amdal Corporation to compete with IBM on the main frame computer system. 470V/6 was the company's first product, executing the same software as IBM System/370 computers, but was lower and faster.

The Video Display Module (VDM-1)

One of the first personal computers, Kenbak-1, was advertised for $ 750 to Scientific American. Kenbak-1, designed by John V. Blanken Baker using a standard small and medium-sized accumulation circuit, switched to a 256-byte memory input and relied on the light to output. In 1973, only 40 units were sold, and Kenbak Corporation was closed.

HP-35 handheld computer

Cray-1 supercomputer introduced

Originally designed by HP employees to use it i n-house, c o-founder Bill Hewlett, "In 1971, put all the functions of scientific computers in a shirt pocket in a small package. " They achieved it. The HP-35 was outstanding as a "high-speed and high-precision electronic scheme". Increased intermediate solutions to be used at a later date have been accepted so that they can be input in a format similar to the Standard Scientific Number Law. The HP-35 has contributed to HP for over 20 years to be one of the most dominant companies in the laptop market.

Intel 4004 ads

Intel 8080 and Zilog Z-80

Computer History Museum

The first advertisement of Micro processor Intel 4004 is published in electronic news. The 4004, which was developed for Japanese computer makers, Busicom, was equipped with 2250 transistors, and was able to calculate up to 90. 000 times per second per second. Federico Fagin designed and Ted Hoff led the architecture.

Dover laser printer

Steve Wozniak completes the Apple-1

Zerox Park's physicist Gary Stark Weatheri notices in 1967 that exposing a photosensitive copy on the original paper is not the only way to create an image. Computers can "write" with lasers. Zerox did not show any interest. In 1971, Stark Weather was relocated to the Palo Alto Research Institute (PARC) in the Zerox in the company's supervision. He developed the world's first laser printer in one year, opened up a new era of computer printing, and has a billions of dollars to Zerox. The laser printer was used in PARC's Alto Computer and sold as Zerox 9700.

Apple II introduced

Dr. Paul Friedle and a scamp prototype

Tandy Radio Shack introduces its TRS-80

Under the guidance of Dr. Paul Friedle, a prototype of a special computer personal computer (SCAMP) will be developed at the Losgatos Institute, California in IBM. IBM's first personal computer, the system, was designed to run a programming language APL in a compact briefcase, including keyboards, CRT displays, and cassette tape storage. Friedle used the SCAMP prototype to promote and develop the IBM's 5100 families, and the most successful 5150 (also known as the PC) was announced in 1981.

The Commodore PET (Personal Electronic Transactor) introduced

Micral, based on the Intel 8008 microcessor, is one of the first commercial no n-KIT personal computers. Designer Te Chuon developed this computer, and Philip Khan wrote software. Chuon, the founder and president of the French company R2E, has developed a microl as a substitute for mini computers in situations where high performance, such as process control and highway collection, is not required. Micral, which was sold for $ 1. 750, did not penetrate the US market. In 1979, Tuluon sold R2E to the bull.

The DEC VAX introduced

The TV typewriter designed by Don Lancaster is a convenient kit that can display alphanumeric information on ordinary TVs. As introduced in the September 1973 issue of Hobbyist Magazine Radio ELECTRONICS, an electronic components worth $ 120 were used. The original design contains two memory boards, and 512 characters were generated and saved as 16 lines of 32 characters. The cassette cartridge interface provided additional storage for text. The TV typewriter was used in many small TV stations until the 1990s.

Atari introduces its Model 400 and 800 computers

The king succeeded as a computer manufacturer and later succeeded as a word processor company. In 1973, the king succeeded as a computer company at 2200. The king mainly sold 2200 through added value resellers, and they added special software to solve specific customer problems. The 2200 was a basic programming language using buil t-in CRT and storage cartridge. In his computer era, he ended his success, and he applied for bankruptcy in 1992.

SCELBI, the first commercial advertising computer based on the microcessor (Intel 8008), has a 4KB buil t-in memory, a cartridge interface, a teletype interface, and the Usmoskov interface. The 8H targeted by Scelbi was for science, electronic, and biological applications, and could be obtained in the shape of the kit in the shape of the kit. In 1975, Serbi announced an 8B version with a 16KB memory for the corporate market. The company sold about 200 units and lost $ 500 per car.

Motorola introduces the 68000 microprocessor

Mark-8 was published in the July 1974 issue of Radio-Electronics.

Mark-8's DIY kit is designed by graduate student John Titas and uses Intel 8008 microcessors. In July 1974, the kit adorned the cover of Hobbyist Radio-ELECTRONICS. The Mark-8 blueprints were $ 5, and the blank circuit board was available for $ 50.

Alto is a revolutionary computer that has a significant impact on the computer industry. Based on a graphical user interface using windows, icons, and mouse, it worked in cooperation with other Alto on the local area network. It was also possible to share files and print documents with advanced Zerox laser printer. The application was also very innovative, for example, Wijiwig Word processor, paint program, graphic editor, and email, for example. It was from Zerox's Alto that Apple was inspired by Lisa and Macintosh computer.

Texas Instruments TI 99/4 is released

Hobbyist Magazine's Popular Electronics magazine published a new computer kit, Altair 8800 cover story in the January issue. A few weeks after its appearance, the customer flooded the manufacturer MITS. Bill Gates and Paul Allen have licensed Mits's major programming language interpreters as a major language for Altea. MITS's c o-founder Ed Roberts invented Altair 8800 (sold at $ 395 in speculation) and created the Personal Computer. The machine is equipped with a 256-byte memory (expanded to 64 kilobytes) and a 100-line open bath structure, which developed into the "S-100" standard widely used in hobby computers and personal computers of this era. In 1977, MITS was sold to pertec, and Pertec continued to produce Altair until 1978.

MOS 6502 AD published on IEEE computer in September 1975

Commodore introduces the VIC-20

Chuck Peddle has developed a lo w-priced microcesseder with a small team with former Motorola employees. The MOS 6502 was announced at a conference held in San Francisco, much cheaper than Intel and Motorola's processor. This chip has rapidly spread among game consoles designers such as early personal computers such as Apple II and Commodore Pet and Nintendo Entertainment System. 6502 and their offspring are usually used in buil t-in applications.

The Sinclair ZX80 introduced

Technical Products Southwest 6800

The Computer Programme debuts on the BBC

Southwest Technical Products was founded by Daniel Meer in the 1960s and supplied publications of project kits published in Hobbyist Electronics. SWTPC has announced many computer kits based on Motorola 6800 and later 6809. It has proved that 6800 is the most popular among dozens of SWTP kits.

Tandem 16 dual processor system

Apollo Computer unveils its first workstation, its DN100

Tandem 16, made for online transaction processing, is one of the commercially available Fallto Trellant Computers. The bank industry has quickly adopted this machine, which was made to operate during repair or expansion. Tandem 16 ultimately led to an early ATM and a series of "no n-stop" systems used for inventory tracking.

IBM introduces its Personal Computer (PC)

Video display module (VDM)

Osborne 1 introduced

The video display module (VDM-1), designed by computer pioneer Lee Felsentein, indicates the initial implementation of the English-numerous video display with memory for personal computers. This module, which was announced at Altea Convention held in Alba Khaki in March 1976, is an essential input device for Hobbyist, who had created the microcomputer system at the time, and became the basis of the SOL-20 computer. 。

Commodore introduces the Commodore 64

Clay's "sel f-porous"

The speed of Cray-1, which was the fastest machine at the time, comes from "C", part of its shape. Hig h-density IC packaging and new Fron cooling system have also contributed to speeding up. The assembly and testing of each CRAY-1 took a whole year, and the cost was about $ 10 million. Typical applications include US defense work, such as the design, simulation of nuclear weapons, and the weather forecast.

Franklin releases Apple II “clones”

ZILGO Z-80 Micro processor

Image: Gennadiy SHVETS

Sun Microsystems is founded

Intel and Zyrog have announced a new microcessor. The Intel 8080 was 5 times faster than its predecessor, 8008, and was able to handle a total of 64 kilobytes, four times the number of bytes. The Zylog Z-80 could execute any program written for 8080 and include twice the built-in mechanical order.

Apple introduces the Lisa computer

Apple 1, designed by Steve Wozniak, Sunny Veil, California, and sold by his friend Steve Jobs, is a on e-day on e-board computer for Hobbyist. After receiving an order of 50 assembled systems from a computer shop, a computer shop in Mountain View, California, they launched a new company and named Apple Computer. One year later, Apple announced Apple II as a consumer computer, and this model was sold for nearly 20 years.

Compaq Computer Corporation introduces the Compaq Portable

Apple II, which was sold in a set of main logic boards, power switches, keyboards, cases, manuals, game boxes, and breakout games, was sold in Apple's user community. It gained far beyond the configured Hobbyist community. When connected to a color TV, Apple II displayed a bright color graphic at the time. Apple IIS sold millions between 1977 and 1993, one of the longest personal computers. Apple provided thousands of Apple IIS to schools and gave the new generation the first opportunity to touch the personal computer.

Apple Computer launches the Macintosh

Tandy RadioShack's first desktop computer, the TRS-80, sold 10, 000 units within a month of its release, far exceeding the company's first-year sales target of 3, 000 units. The TRS-80 was priced at $599. 95 and included a Z80 microprocessor, a video display, 4KB of memory, a built-in BASIC programming language interpreter, cassette tape storage, and an easy-to-read manual that assumed no prior knowledge from the user. The TRS-80 was popular in schools as well as at home. The TRS-80 series was later released in color, portable, and handheld versions, but was discontinued in the early 1990s.

IBM releases its PC Jr. and PC/AT

The PET, the first of many personal computers, was released in 1977 and was a fully assembled computer with 4KB or 8KB of memory, an integrated cartridge unit, and a "chiclet" keyboard. The PET was popular as a school and home computer. It used the MOS Technologies 6502 microprocessor, running at 1 MHz. After the success of the PET, Commodore remained a major player in the personal computer market into the 1990s.

PC's Limited is founded

Digital Equipment Corporation's (DEC) VAX family, beginning with the VAX-11/780, rivaled much more expensive mainframe computers in performance and featured the ability to address over 4 GB of virtual memory, hundreds of times the capacity of most microcomputers. Called "complex instruction set computers," VAX systems were backward compatible, allowing owners of previous DEC computers to preserve their software investments. The success of the VAX computer family helped DEC grow into the world's second largest computer company, and VAX systems became the de facto standard computing system for industry, science, engineering, and research.

Early Atari 400/800 Advertisement

The Amiga 1000 is released

Atari designed two microcomputers with gaming capabilities, the Model 400 and the Model 800, shortly after delivering the Atari VCS gaming console. The 400 functioned primarily as a gaming console, while the 800 was more of a home computer. Both faced strong competition from the Apple II, Commodore PET, and TRS-80 computers. Atari's 8-bit computers had a major impact on art, especially in the emerging demoscene culture of the 1980s and 1990s.

Motorola 68000 Top Downloads

Compaq introduces the Deskpro 386 system

Image: Pauli Rautakorpi

The Motorola 68000 microprocessor exhibited processing speeds much faster than its contemporary counterparts. This high-performance processor was adopted by powerful workstations for graphic-intensive programs common in engineering.

Texas Instruments Ti 99/4 Micro Computer

IBM releases the first commercial RISC-based workstation

Ti 99/4, based on the TMS 9900 microcessor, which runs at 3MHz, has the fastest class CPU for home computers. There are various extension boards on Ti99/4, especially the speech synthesis system that can be used in the TI educational game "Speak & Spell". TI 99/4 sold well, led to the lineup of TI tracking machines.

The Connection Machine is unveiled

Komodor has launched a VIC-20 home computer as a successor to the Komodor Pet Personal Computer. The VIC-20 was developed as an inexpensive computer to replace pets and became the first computer that sold more than 1 million units. Komodor has used Starck's TV star, William Chatner, as a commercial.

This ultr a-small household computer is sold in the UK as a kit or assembled and is sold for £ 99. Inside, there was a buil t-in Z80 microcessor and basic language interpriter. The output was displayed on the user's TV screen using the adapter. In the United Kingdom, about 50, 000 units were sold mainly for Hobbyist, and initially had a long waiting line.

Acorn Archimedes is released

Title Car d-BBC computer program

The British Broadcasting Corporation's computer Corporation project wants to introduce the computer world to the adults. Acorn has created a popular computer, BBC Micro Computer System, so that home viewers can reach their computers while watching the program. The machine was expanded and had tape storage ports, serial interfaces, and rudimentary networking. For "BBC Micro", a large amount of software was created, such as education, productivity improvement, and games.

IBM introduces its Personal System/2 (PS/2) machines

The DN100 is based on the three major features of all workstations, Motorola 68000 microcessors, hig h-resolution displays, and buil t-in network. Apollo and his main competitors Sun Microsystems have optimized the machine to run general graphic programs in engineering and scientific applications. Apollo is a leading innovator in the workstation industry for over 10 years and was acquired in Hewlet t-Packard in 1989.

Apple co-founder Steve Jobs unveils the NeXT Cube

IBM's brand awareness has sparked the rapid growth of the personal computer market with its own personal computer (PC), along with a large marketing campaign. The first IBM PC was generally known as an IBM model 5150, using a 4, 77 MHz Intel 8088 microcessor and used a microsoft MS-DOS operating system. The IBM PC revolutionized business computing and became the first computer widely adopted in the industry. The IBM PC has been widely copied ("clone"), led to the creation of software, peripheral devices, and other products for use on this platform.

Laser 128 is released

Ozbourne 1, which weighs 24 pounds and $ 1. 795, is the first mas s-produced laptop. The price contained a very convenient productive software worth about $ 1, 500, especially attractive. It had a 5-inch screen, a 64KB memory, a modem, and two 5, 2 5-inch floppy disks.

Komodor 64 system

Intel introduces the 80486 microprocessor

As is well known, the C64 is sold for $ 595, equipped with a 64KB RAM, featuring an impressive graphic. Thousands of software titles were released during the C64 surviving, and more than 22 million units were sold before production ended in 1993. In the 2006 Guinness Book, it was recognized as the bes t-selling computer in history.

Franklin's ACE 1000, which was created about five years from the original Apple II board, was almost the same as Apple II+computer, and other models were later cloned. Franklin was less than Apple's price, despite having provided a specific function that was not found in the original. Initially, Franklin won the trial and continued to make a machine clone, but in 1988, Apple won the copyright lawsuit against Franklin and had to stop Apple II's "clone". 。 < SPAN> IBM's brand awareness has sparked the rapid growth of the personal computer market with its own personal computer (PC), along with a large marketing campaign. The first IBM PC was generally known as an IBM model 5150, using a 4, 77 MHz Intel 8088 microcessor and used a microsoft MS-DOS operating system. The IBM PC revolutionized business computing and became the first computer widely adopted in the industry. The IBM PC has been widely copied ("clone"), led to the creation of software, peripheral devices, and other products for use on this platform.

Macintosh Portable is introduced

Komodor 64 system

Intel's Touchstone Delta supercomputer system comes online

Franklin ACE 100 Micro Computer

Babbage's Difference Engine #2 is completed

Franklin's ACE 1000, which was created about five years from the original Apple II board, was almost the same as Apple II+computer, and other models were later cloned. Franklin was less than Apple's price, despite having provided a specific function that was not found in the original. Initially, Franklin won the trial and continued to make a machine clone, but in 1988, Apple won the copyright lawsuit against Franklin and had to stop Apple II's "clone". 。 IBM's brand awareness has sparked the rapid growth of the personal computer market with its own personal computer (PC), along with a large marketing campaign. The first IBM PC was generally known as an IBM model 5150, using a 4, 77 MHz Intel 8088 microcessor and used a microsoft MS-DOS operating system. The IBM PC revolutionized business computing and became the first computer widely adopted in the industry. The IBM PC has been widely copied ("clone"), led to the creation of software, peripheral devices, and other products for use on this platform.

PowerBook series of laptops is introduced

Komodor 64 system

DEC announces Alpha chip architecture

Franklin ACE 100 Micro Computer

Intel Paragon is operational

When Zerox Parc lends the entire Alto Ethernet network by Laser Printer to the Faculty of Engineering at Stanford University, the graduate student Andy Vectorusheim reproduces it into a prototype and connected to the Stanford University computer network. 。 Sun Microsystems has withdrawn from the prototype. The roots of the company name are from the Stanford University Network (Sun). Sain t-Microsystems was established by 2 6-yea r-old graduates of Stanford University, Beholsheim, Vinod Cosula, Scott Muknillie, and immediately leaded by Software Development, a firs t-time UNIX UNIX Berkeley School. I came to do it. Sun has contributed not only to hig h-resolution graphics and UNIX operating systems, but also to establish a workstation model with Ethernet interface.

LiSA is the first commercial PC with a graphical user interface (GUI). As a result, Microsoft Windows and Apple McKintosh soon adopted the GUI as a user interface, and after the GUI became a new standard of personal computer, LiSA became a major milestone in computing. LiSA was operated by the Motorola 68000 microcessor, equipped with a 1MB RAM, a 1 2-inch blac k-an d-white display, a 5, 2 5-inch dual disk drive, and a 5MB "profile" hard disk drive. Lisa himself, especially his GUI, was inspired by past research at the Zerox Palo Alto Institute.

Apple ships the first Newton

The first 100 % IBM PC can run the same software as IBM PC. With the success of the clone, the sales of the first year of the compass recorded $ 1111 million, the largest to US companies in a single year. The compuck acquired the MS-DOS operating system and the Microsoft BIOS software license from Microsoft and legally canceled the license. The success of the compuck launched the IBM compatible machine market and achieved 83 % of the PC market by 1996.

Apple introduced Macintosh in the 1984 Super Bowl, a TV commercial on the theme of the totalitarianism of George Owell's book "1984". The advertisement destroyed the "Big Brother" (a reference in a veil to IBM) by the power of the personal computer mounted on the Macintosh. Macintosh succeeded for the first time as a mous e-based computer with graphical user interfaces, based on Motorola 68000 microcessor. The price was $ 2, 500. The applications included in the package include MacPaint, which uses the mouse, and MacWrite with Wysiwyg (What You See ISEE ISEE WHAT YOU GET) text editing function.

Intel's Pentium microprocessor is released

PC Jr. is sold as a home computer, but is too expensive and limited to competing with many other machines in this market. It was also criticized for the "chicklet" keyboard that it was scarce in human engineering. PC Jr. was hardly sold, but PC/AT sold millions. The performance and storage capacity were improved than the original IBM computer, and it was sold for about $ 4, 000. In addition, it is equipped with more memory and store five hig h-density 1/4 inch floppy disks of 1 and 2 megabytes.

PC's Limited founder Michael Del

RISC PC is released

In 1984, Michael Dell established a PC's Limited while studying at Austin, the University of Texas. The dormitor y-based company sold IBM PC compatible computers made from genuine parts. Dell left school to concentrate on his business, and in 1985 he sold the company's firs t-i n-compan y-designed turbo PC for $ 795. In the early 1990s, Dell became a major computer retailer.

BeBox is released

Composition in Amiga 1000

IBM releases the ThinkPad 701C

At the Lincoln Center in New York, Comodor's Amiga 1000 will be announced by inviting celebrities such as Andy Warhol and Debbie Harry of the music group "Brondy". AMIGA was sold for $ 1. 295 (without a screen), with audio and video functions that most other PCs do not have. He gained a very faithful fan and could easily upgrade with ad d-ons. The inside of the Amiga case is engraved with the sign of Amiga designers, including Jay minor, and the footprints of Mitchie's dog.

COMPAQ DESKPRO 386S promotion shots,

Palm Pilot is introduced

Compak announced Desk Pro 386 and hit the IBM market directly. Desk Pro 386 was the first computer that adopted Intel's new 80386 chips, 3 2-bit microcessor with 275, 000 transistors per chip. With 4 million operations per second and a 4-kilobite memory, the 80386 gave the computer to the computer equal to the old main frame and mini computers.

The 386 chips brought the introduction of 3 2-bit architectures, greatly improving the previous microcessesa 1 6-bit architecture. The 386 chips have two functional modes, one is a mirroring a fragmented memory of the old X86 chips, enabling completely backward compatibility, and the other is maximizing more advanced technology. It was used. New graphical operating environment for PC and PC compatible machines. The architecture that enabled Windows and IBM OS/2 was left in the chips afterwards.

Sony Vaio series is begun

The reduced instruction set computer (RISC) order was developed from the observation that the simplest 20 % of the computer instruction set would do 80 % of the work. The IBM PC-RT had a 1MB RAM, a 1, 2 megabytes floppy disk drive, a 40MB hard disk, and executed 2 million orders per second, but the other RISC-based computers were faster. 。

CM-1 Connection Machine

ASCI Red is operational

Daniel Hiris of Sink Machine has developed a concept of controversial parallel processing with the CM-1 connection machine and moved one step ahead of artificial intelligence. The machine used 65. 536 singl e-bit processors to perform billion times per second. Each processor had its own small memory and was connected to another processor through a flexible network. The machine's link and switch system allows the processor to simulate the brain's associations and request information and help from other processors. By using this system, this machine could operate faster than any machine at the time in response to problems that could be divided between multiple processors.

Acorn Archimedes Micro Computer

Linux-based Supercomputing

Acorn's ARCORN Arm Micro processor was first adopted by the company's Alchimedes computer system. Acorn, one of the leading computer companies, continued the Alchimedes Line, which has grown into nearly 20 types of models. Acorn has passed ARM and acquired a micro processor license, and has changed mobile computing with hig h-performance processor and syste m-o n-chip (SOC).

The iMac, a range of all-in-one Macintosh desktop computers, is launched

This is the first IBM system equipped with Intel 80386 chips, shipped more than 1 million units by the end of the first year. IBM also released a new operating system OS/2 at the same time so that the IBM PCS mouse can be used for the first time. The system was the IBM response to the "clone" manufacturer widely copied the original design of the IBM PC and lost the initiative in the PC market.

First camera phone introduced

Steve Jobs, chased by Apple in 1985, establish a new company. His computer, Black Cube, was a major innovation. The following were equipped with three Motorola microcessors and 8MB RAMs, and the basic price was $ 6. 500. The mult i-op t-oriented operating system was groundbreaking in prompt development of software applications. OpenStep was used as one of the new Mac OS operating systems, shortly after Next was acquired by Apple in 1996.

Laser 128 Clone Apple II

Earth Simulator is world's fastest supercomputer

VTech, founded in Hong Kong, was a manufacturer of toys and educational toys like Pon when the Laser 128 computer was released. Instead of copying the basic input / output system (BIOS) of Apple II like Franklin Computer, the system was reversed and sold for $ 479, which is much cheaper than the equivalent Apple II. Apple filed a lawsuit to eliminate Laser 128 from the market, but failed, and Laser continued to be sold as one of the few "Apple clones."

Promotion photo of Intel 80486

Handspring Treo is released

Computer History Museum

Intel has announced 80486 microcessors and I860 RISC/Coprocaster chips. The RISC microcessesa had a 3 2-bit arithmetic logical unit (a part that performs an operation such as addition and subtraction in the CPU), a 6 4-bit floating point operation unit, and a 33MHz clock rate. < SPAN> The first IBM system equipped with Intel 80386 chips, shipped more than 1 million units by the end of the first year. IBM also released a new operating system OS/2 at the same time so that the IBM PCS mouse can be used for the first time. The system was the IBM response to the "clone" manufacturer widely copied the original design of the IBM PC and lost the initiative in the PC market.

PowerMac G5 is released

Laser 128 Clone Apple II

Arduino

Promotion photo of Intel 80486

Lenovo acquires IBM's PC business

Computer History Museum

Intel has announced 80486 microcessors and I860 RISC/Coprocaster chips. The RISC microcessesa had a 3 2-bit arithmetic logical unit (a part that performs an operation such as addition and subtraction in the CPU), a 6 4-bit floating point operation unit, and a 33MHz clock rate. This is the first IBM system equipped with Intel 80386 chips, shipped more than 1 million units by the end of the first year. IBM also released a new operating system OS/2 at the same time so that the IBM PCS mouse can be used for the first time. The system was the IBM response to the "clone" manufacturer widely copied the original design of the IBM PC and lost the initiative in the PC market.

NASA Ames Research Center supercomputer Columbia

Laser 128 Clone Apple II

One Laptop Per Child initiative begins

Promotion photo of Intel 80486

The Amazon Kindle is released

Computer History Museum

The Apple iPhone is released

The MacBook Air is released

The 486 chips maintained a structure similar to the predecessor, 386 chips. The 486 was the most prominent that the instruction set was optimized by integrating the instruction set and the data cache and equipped with an optional floating point module. This microcessesa, combined with the enhanced bath interface module, doubled the 386 performance without raising the clock rate.

Apple initially had a handle on the Macintosh computer to encourage users to take the Mac on the go, but until the first five years, Apple did not introduce a true laptop. Macintosh's laptop was heavy, there were 16 pounds, and the price was high (US $ 6. 500). Despite the active matrix display, removable trackballs, and high performance, the sales were widely praised by the media, but sales were sluggish than forecasts. This line was discontinued in less than two years.

IBM's Roadrunner supercomputer is completed

Intel's supercomputer "Delta Touch Stone

Inter's Delta Touch Stone, which reaches 32 Giga Flops (32 billion floating points per second), has 512 processors independently and is located in the 2D communication "Grid". Researchers at California Institute of Technology have used this supercomputer for projects such as rea l-time satellite image processing and molecular model simulation in AIDS research. This will be a model of the world's fastest class, some other major mult i-processor systems.

Jaguar Supercomputer at Oak Ridge upgraded

Deference engine#2 in the London Science Museum#2

Apple Retina Display

Based on the design of Charles Bavage's second mechanical calculation engine, the London Science Museum team is trying to prove that the design has been functioned as planned. The team led by curator Dron Swed made a babedge machine over six years, making full use of the technologies that Bavaggi would have used at the time, and the design of babedge is accurate, and the era of the babedge. Proof that it could have been made.

Power Book 100 < Span> 486 chips maintained a structure similar to its predecessor, 386 chips. The 486 was the most prominent that the instruction set was optimized by integrating the instruction set and the data cache and equipped with an optional floating point module. This microcessesa, combined with the enhanced bath interface module, doubled the 386 performance without raising the clock rate.

China's Tianhe supercomputers are operational

The Apple iPad is released

Intel's supercomputer "Delta Touch Stone

IBM Sequoia is delivered to Lawrence Livermore Labs

Deference engine#2 in the London Science Museum#2

Nest Learning Thermostat is Introduced

The Power Book 100486 chips maintained a structure similar to its predecessor, 386 chips. The 486 was the most prominent that the instruction set was optimized by integrating the instruction set and the data cache and equipped with an optional floating point module. This microcessesa, combined with the enhanced bath interface module, doubled the 386 performance without raising the clock rate.

Raspberry Pi, a credit-card-size single board computer, is released as a tool to promote science education

Intel's supercomputer "Delta Touch Stone

University of Michigan Micro Mote is Completed

Deference engine#2 in the London Science Museum#2

Apple Watch

Power Book 100

Apple's Macintosh Portable has little success in the market, leading to a complete redesign of Apple's Portable Computer Line. All three PowerBooks have a trackball, buil t-in floppy drive, and palm rest, which will eventually become standard laptops in the 1990s. Power Book 100 was a base machine, Power Book 140 was more powerful and many memory. The Power Book 170 was a hig h-end model, with active matrix displays, faster processors, and mobile sub display units. The PowerBook series ended in 2006.

IT Team

Dec Alpha Chip Daishot

Exhibit Content Team

ALPHA, designed to replace the 3 2-bit VAX architecture, is a 6 4-bit reduced instruction set (RISC) microcessor computer. It was widely used in DEC workstations and servers, supercomputers such as SUNWAY BLUE LIGHT system in China and Gigabooster in Switzerland. Alpha processor's design was ultimately acquired by the Compack, and the Compack was abolished with Intel and adopted the HP/Itanium microcessor.

Elim Poon - Journalist, Creative Writer

Last modified: 27.08.2024

Revolution: The First Years of Computing. Revolution features 19 galleries, 1, objects, and inspiring stories from the pioneers and innovators who. More like this · Timeline of Computer History | Computer History Museum · IBM from · From punch cards to laptops: UW Tech employees. This series contains a timeline of + major computers built between 19that were represented in the TCM collection in some fashion. This may have.

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