Substance use risk profiles and associations with early substance use in adolescence

Anxiety, despair, sensory pursuit, and impulsivity (that is, revised drug use risk and profile) is related to alcohol, tobacco, cannabis lifetime illness, onset age, and multiple drug use in adolescent early. I examined whether to do it. The baseline data of larger effective research, obtained from early 3, 783 young people aged 11 to 15, was used. The structural equation model indicates that desperate and sensation indicates that alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis are always used and that they use multiple drugs. Furthermore, the higher the level of despair, the more likely it was to use alcohol and cannabis, but the more uneasy people were, the less likely they would start to use alcohol. In conclusion, early youth, which is reported to be highly demanding despair and sensation, seems to have a high risk of starting early and using multifaceted substances.

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Introduction

Dutch youth is one of the advanced countries of alcohol consumption and excessive alcohol in Europe, and usually starts drinking early (Hibell et al. And the use of tobacco and cannabis will increase rapidly at this time. (Monshou made et al.) Early starting of substances is a number of harmful, such as the distortion of the brain development (such as Tapert et al. 2002) and the increase in risks of later dependence and misuse (such as Andersen et al. 2003). This is a concern for the early start of use (FEIGELMAN et al. 1998). As such, clarifying the risk profile of young adolescent men and women is extremely important because it can promote appropriate prevention activities for young people with risk of starting drug use and abuse early. (For example, Conrod et al.) < SPAN> Sensitivity to anxiety, despair, sensation pursuit, impulsivity (that is, revised drug use risk and profile), alcohol, tobacco, cannabis lifetime disease and onset. We examined whether it was related to aged and early adolescent drugs, 3, 783 of the younger youth. The equation model shows that alcohol, cigarettes, and cannabis are always used and that they use multiple drugs. The higher the person, the more likely it was to use alcohol and cannabis, but the higher the anxiety, the less likely to start using alcohol. It seems that early youth, which was reported to be high, seems to be at a high risk of early start of material use and multifaceted material.

Article 2023 October 06,

Paper October 19, 2019

Paper release February 27, 2024

Avoid mistakes that are common in manuscripts

Dutch youth is one of the developed countries of alcohol consumption and excessive alcohol in Europe, and usually starts drinking early (Hibell et al. And the use of tobacco and cannabis will increase rapidly at this time. (Monshou made et al.) Early starting of substances is a number of harmful, such as the distortion of the brain development (such as Tapert et al. 2002) and the increase in risks of later dependence and misuse (such as Andersen et al. 2003). This is a concern for the early start of use (FEIGELMAN et al. 1998). As such, clarifying the risk profile of young adolescent men and women is extremely important because it can promote appropriate prevention activities for young people with risk of starting drug use and abuse early. There is (for example, Conrod et al.) Anxiety, despair, sensation pursuit, impulsivity (that is, revised drug use risk and profile), alcohol, tobacco, cannabis lifelong, onset, adolescence. A larg e-scale baseline data was used by 3, 783 young people, 11 to 15, whether or not they were related to the use of multiple drugs. It has been shown that alcohol, cigarettes, and cannabis are always used and that they use multiple drugs. The younger people were likely to start using alcohol and cannabis, but the higher the anxiety, the higher the possibility of seeking alcohol in the young age. In the early stage of the reported youth, the risk of early start of material use and multifaceted use seems to be high.

Article 2023 October 06,

Method

Sample and procedure

Paper October 19, 2019

Paper release February 27, 2024

Measures

Personality profiles

Avoid mistakes that are common in manuscripts< .001, RMSEA = .055, CFI = .943). Cronbach’s alphas were .69 for anxiety sensitivity (factor loadings between .42 and .72), .85 for hopelessness (loadings between .72 and .96), .68 for sensation seeking (loadings between .38 and .72), and .67 for impulsivity (loadings between .48 and .72). These reliability estimates converge with those from previous research (e.g., Jaffee and D’Zurilla 2009) and are satisfactory for short scales (Loewenthal 1996).

Substance use

Dutch youth is one of the advanced countries of alcohol consumption and excessive alcohol in Europe, and usually starts drinking early (Hibell et al. And the use of tobacco and cannabis will increase rapidly at this time. (Monshou made et al.) Early starting of substances is a number of harmful, such as the distortion of the brain development (such as Tapert et al. 2002) and the increase in risks of later dependence and misuse (such as Andersen et al. 2003). This is a concern for the early start of use (FEIGELMAN et al. 1998). As such, clarifying the risk profile of young adolescent men and women is extremely important because it can promote appropriate prevention activities for young people with risk of starting drug use and abuse early. There (for example, Conrod et al.)

It is known that personality is related to substance use (for example, Flory et al., 2002), and in general, personality dimensions, which include neurotic tendency and lack of action, are better predicted to use substances (MIS). (For example, Barrett etc., 1996; COMEAU et al., 2001; Jackson and sher, and substanc e-related behaviors are more noticeable in personality dimensions associated with specific personality tendency rather than general personality tendency. (Caspi et al. (CASPI et al ・ Profile scale (SURPS; woicik et al. This scale measures four independent personality characteristics (that is, irritable anxiety, sel f-desperation, sensation pursuit, impulse), and these are advanced material use behavior. It is assumed that it is associated with problematic substance behavior and seems to be actually related (Conrod et al; < SPAN> Personality is known to be related to material use (for example, Flory et al. 2002). In general, personality dimensions, including neuropathy tendency and lack of action suppression, are known to make substance use (MIS) better (for example, 1996; COMEAU et al. 2001; Jackson and sher Furthermore, for substanc e-related behaviors, personality dimensions associated with specific personality trends rather than general character trends (Caspi et al., 1996; COMEAU et al., 2001; Jackson and Sher 2003; , One of the score that specifically scores specific personality aspects, including neurosis tendency and inhibitory disorder, this scale (SURPS; woicik et al. This scale is four independent personality characteristics ( In other words, it is assumed that irritable anxiety, sel f-desperation, sensation pursuit, impulse), assuming that it is associated with advanced material use and problematic substance behavior, and seems to be actually related. (Conrod et al; Personality is known to be related to material use (for example, Flory et al., 2002), and in general, personality dimensions, which are generally neurotic trends and deficiency of behavior, are substance use (mis). It is known that it is better to predict (for example, Barrett etc., 1996; COMEAU et al. 2001; Jackson and sher, and more about materia l-related behavior, rather than a common personality tendency. Dimensions are the most notable (CASPI et al In addition, this scale (SURPS; woicik et al. This scale is measured (that is, irritable anxiety, desperation, sensation pursuit, impulse), which are altitude. It is assumed that it is associated with substanc e-use behavior and problematic substance behavior, and it seems to be actually related (Conrod et al)

The first trait (i. e., anxiety sensitivity) is characterized by symptoms of mental arousal (e. g., feeling dizzy or lightheaded; Reis et al. 1992) and depression (Joiner 2001). Both anxiety sensitivity and hopelessness have been associated with increased alcohol consumption and problem drinking (Stewart et al. 1995; Conrod et al. 1998). The third trait (i. e., impulsivity) is related to difficulties regulating (controlling) behavioral responses (Spoont 1992) and is associated with increased risk for early alcohol and drug use (Pulkkinen and Pitkänen 1994). Finally, the fourth trait (i. e., sensation seeking) is characterized by a desire for intense and novel experiences (Zuckerman 1994), and sensation seekers have been found to drink more alcohol and be at increased risk for heavy alcohol use (Zuckerman et al. 1992). The four SURPS personality traits can be correlated with a broad personality scale (e. g., ASI, Peterson and Reiss 1992). 1992) and shows stronger correlations with these measures than with measures measuring broader personality dimensions (e. g., NEO-FFI, Costa and McCrae 1992). For example, sensation seeking is related to measures measuring openness and extraversion, but is more strongly related to measures measuring politeness (Eysenck and Eysenck 1978; Woicik et al.).

SURPS personality traits overlap with temperament traits (TCI, Cloninger 1998). For example, novelty seeking refers to the tendency to respond positively to new stimuli and reflects elements of impulsivity and sensation seeking. Furthermore, SURPS personality traits are important for more neuropsychological orientations. Because personality traits are sensitive to different types of reinforcement, it is hypothesized that different reinforcement processes mediate the relationship between SURPS personality traits and substance use (e. g., Brunelle et al. 2004; Conrod et al. 1998). Individuals high in anxiety and hopelessness sensitivity are more sensitive to negative substance use reinforcing processes (i. e., the ability of a substance to alleviate a negative emotional state) (Conrod et al., 1998), whereas individuals high in sensation seeking and impulsivity are more sensitive to positive substance use reinforcing processes (i. e., the positive hedonic effects of a substance).

Strategy of analyses

According to Carver et al. (2009), these processes are even more prominent if the cellotonin activity function is low. It is claimed that individual differences in serotonin operating functions are important for personality temperament. People with low serotonin operating functions are particularly sensitive to (emotional) clues, such as reinforcement processes (SPOONT 1992). Therefore, the decrease in serotonin operating function is related to the sense of impulsivity, depression, etc. (carver et al, neuropsychology, etc.), and more clinical directions (that is, TCI, TCI. The use of a clinical scale) is not so obvious for young people in the early days of material use, and that the unique personality characteristics are more interested than general characteristics. If you put it in, SURPS can be an important scale in considering the role of the personality in substance behavior.

It must be remembered that SURP S-based personality profiles are useful for those who have the risk of alcohol use and alcoho l-related issues when they are already using samples. However, as far as we know, there is no pr e-study that examines whether these personality profiles indicate early use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and mult i-juice. This is a shame. On the other hand, early onset is alcohol (DE WIT et al. 2000), tobacco (Breslau et al. 1993), cannabis (Chen et al. An important prediction factor (Galaif and Newcomb 1999), the developmental role of personality is important. It can be done, but that is when the behavior control capacity develops (that is, when the front of the frontal cortex is mature; CARVER et al. In conclusion, it is important to focus on the early onset of adolescence and identify a specific personality profile. ) It is claimed that those who have low serotonin are more important for personality temperatures. This is because it is particularly sensitive to (emotional) clues, such as the enhancement process (SPOONT 1992). It is unlikely that the clinical direction (that is, the use of a more clinical scale like TCI, such as TCI), is not so obvious to young people in early use of substances. With that in mind, SURPS can be an important scale in considering the role of personality in substanc e-use behavior.

It must be remembered that SURP S-based personality profiles are useful for those who have the risk of alcohol use and alcoho l-related issues when they are already using samples. However, as far as we know, there is no pr e-study that examines whether these personality profiles indicate early use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and mult i-juice. This is a shame. On the other hand, early onset is alcohol (DE WIT et al. 2000), tobacco (Breslau et al. 1993), cannabis (Chen et al. An important prediction factor (Galaif and Newcomb 1999), the developmental role of personality is important. It can be done, but that is when the behavior control capacity develops (that is, when the front of the frontal cortex is mature; CARVER et al. In conclusion, it is important to focus on the early onset of adolescence and identify the specific personality profile. These processes are more important to the personality of the serotonin, which is more important for the individuality of the serotonin. This is because it is particularly sensitive to (emotional) clues (SPOONT 1992) is related to the feeling of impulsive and depression. (Carver et al, neural psychology, etc.), more clinical directions (that is, the use of more clinical scale like TCIs), which seems to be less clear to young people in early use of substances, and generally With the inheritance in mind that the specific personality characteristics are more interested than the characteristics of characteristics, SURPS can be an important scale in considering the role of personality in substanc e-use behavior.

It must be remembered that SURP S-based personality profiles are useful for those who have the risk of alcohol use and alcoho l-related issues when they are already using samples. However, as far as we know, there is no pr e-study that examines whether these personality profiles indicate early use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and mult i-juice. This is a shame. On the other hand, early onset is alcohol (DE WIT et al. 2000), tobacco (Breslau et al. 1993), cannabis (Chen et al. An important prediction factor (Galaif and Newcomb 1999), the developmental role of personality is important. It can be done, but that is when the behavior control capacity develops (that is, when the front of the frontal cortex is mature; CARVER et al. In conclusion, it is important to focus on the early onset of adolescence and identify a specific personality profile related to these dangerous behavior.< .05, ** P < .01, *** P < .001

In this study, the SURP S-based fou r-factor personality model was considered in connection with the use of drug use early and the combination of multiple drugs. 3. 783 youth, 11 to 15, in the first wave of the ongoing Healthy School and Drugs (HSD) effect survey, responded to digital questionnaires. Participants answered questions regarding the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and characteristics. Based on the pr e-research on personality, we anticipated that seeking a sense is the strongest relevant to the use of substances. Specifically, the hypothesis of those who seek the sense that the risk of early use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis is high. Therefore, a young man who is likely to feel anxious has a high risk of early start of alcohol, and the young man who reports that he is at a high desperate level has a high risk of early starting of alcohol and tobacco, and the impulsive young man starts alcohol and cannabis early. He predicted that the risk was high. Such forecasts were also expected to associate with SURPS's personality profile and multiple drugs. However, in consideration of the lack of knowledge in puberty, there was no specific prediction regarding the use of multiple drugs.

Results

Descriptive analyses

Synchronous data for this study was collected as part of a larger research study in the national schoo l-based prevention program "Healthy Schools and Drugs". A total of 23 schools participated in the Netherlands. We visited the participating schools, and provided detailed information about the research project. In cooperation with the principal, he told the student's parents in a letter, and he explained that parents could refuse to participate in children. The research plan and data collection procedure have been approved by the Radbow Dobaud Nim e-Hen University Ethics Committee. All data was collected from January to March 2009. All first graders responded to digital questionnaires during school class hours, under the witness of teachers and research assistants. The questionnaire was balanced with three types of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, and six versions were implemented. < SPAN> In this study, the SURP S-based fou r-factor personality model was considered in relation to the early start of drug use and the combination of multiple drugs. 3. 783 youth, 11 to 15, in the first wave of the ongoing Healthy School and Drugs (HSD) effect survey, responded to digital questionnaires. Participants answered questions regarding the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and characteristics. Based on the pr e-research on personality, we anticipated that seeking a sense is the strongest relevant to the use of substances. Specifically, the hypothesis of those who seek the sense that the risk of early use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis is high. Therefore, a young man who is likely to feel anxious has a high risk of early start of alcohol, and the young man who reports that he is at a high desperate level has a high risk of early starting of alcohol and tobacco, and the impulsive young man starts alcohol and cannabis early. He predicted that the risk was high. Such forecasts were also expected to associate with SURPS's personality profile and multiple drugs. However, in consideration of the lack of knowledge in puberty, there was no specific prediction regarding the use of multiple drugs.< .001, η 2 _{Synchronous data for this study was collected as part of a larger research study in the national schoo l-based prevention program "Healthy Schools and Drugs". A total of 23 schools participated in the Netherlands. We visited the participating schools, and provided detailed information about the research project. In cooperation with the principal, he told the student's parents in a letter, and he explained that parents could refuse to participate in children. The research plan and data collection procedure have been approved by the Radbow Dobaud Nim e-Hen University Ethics Committee. All data was collected from January to March 2009. All first graders responded to digital questionnaires during school class hours, under the witness of teachers and research assistants. The questionnaire was balanced with three types of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, and six versions were implemented. In this study, the SURP S-based fou r-factor personality model was considered in connection with the use of drug use early and the combination of multiple drugs. 3. 783 youth, 11 to 15, in the first wave of the ongoing Healthy School and Drugs (HSD) effect survey, responded to digital questionnaires. Participants answered questions regarding the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and characteristics. Based on the pr e-research on personality, we anticipated that seeking a sense is the strongest relevant to the use of substances. Specifically, the hypothesis of those who seek the sense that the risk of early use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis is high. Therefore, a young man who is likely to feel anxious has a high risk of early start of alcohol, and the young man who reports that he is at a high desperate level has a high risk of early starting of alcohol and tobacco, and the impulsive young man starts alcohol and cannabis early. He predicted that the risk was high. Such forecasts were also expected to associate with SURPS's personality profile and multiple drugs. However, in consideration of the lack of knowledge in puberty, there was no specific prediction regarding the use of multiple drugs.}Synchronous data for this study was collected as part of a larger research study in the national schoo l-based prevention program "Healthy Schools and Drugs". A total of 23 schools participated in the Netherlands. We visited the participating schools, and provided detailed information about the research project. In cooperation with the principal, he told the student's parents in a letter, and he explained that parents could refuse to participate in children. The research plan and data collection procedure have been approved by the Radbow Dobaud Nim e-Hen University Ethics Committee. All data was collected from January to March 2009. All first graders responded to digital questionnaires during school class hours, under the witness of teachers and research assistants. The questionnaire was balanced with three types of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, and six versions were implemented.< .001, η 2 _{Synchronous data for this study was collected as part of a larger research study in the national schoo l-based prevention program "Healthy Schools and Drugs". A total of 23 schools participated in the Netherlands. We visited the participating schools, and provided detailed information about the research project. In cooperation with the principal, he told the student's parents in a letter, and he explained that parents could refuse to participate in children. The research plan and data collection procedure have been approved by the Radbow Dobaud Nim e-Hen University Ethics Committee. All data was collected from January to March 2009. All first graders responded to digital questionnaires during school class hours, under the witness of teachers and research assistants. The questionnaire was balanced with three types of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, and six versions were implemented. In this study, the SURP S-based fou r-factor personality model was considered in connection with the use of drug use early and the combination of multiple drugs. 3. 783 youth, 11 to 15, in the first wave of the ongoing Healthy School and Drugs (HSD) effect survey, responded to digital questionnaires. Participants answered questions regarding the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and characteristics. Based on the pr e-research on personality, we anticipated that seeking a sense is the strongest relevant to the use of substances. Specifically, the hypothesis of those who seek the sense that the risk of early use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis is high. Therefore, a young man who is likely to feel anxious has a high risk of early start of alcohol, and the young man who reports that he is at a high desperate level has a high risk of early starting of alcohol and tobacco, and the impulsive young man starts alcohol and cannabis early. He predicted that the risk was high. Such forecasts were also expected to associate with SURPS's personality profile and multiple drugs. However, in consideration of the lack of knowledge in puberty, there was no specific prediction regarding the use of multiple drugs.}Substance USE Risk Profile Scale (Surps; Woicik et al. 2009) distinguishes anxiety, sel f-desperation, sensation pursuit, and impulsivity. Each dimension was evaluated using 5-7 items that can be answered in four stages, from 1 = "I think so strong" to 4 = "I do not think so strongly". I'm afraid to feel dizzy and fainting. " Financial search is characterized by the desire to challenge new things, and is an example of "I like doing a little scary things." This scale factor structure, internal consistency, tes t-retest reliability, structural validation, convergence validity, and discriminatory validity are appropriate in studying university students and adults (). KRANK et al.) This scale is translated into Dutch and used for the first time, so using MPLUS (Muthén and Muthén 1998-2007) to explore the exploding factor analysis of a randomly extracted specimen extracted from the first half of the original specimen. The factor structure was examined using (EFA). Since the item measurement is ordered at the category level, the qu o-square adjustment average and the distributed (WLSMV) test statistics are used at the category level. < SPAN> Substance USE Risk Profile Scale (Surps; Woicik et al. 2009) distinguishes anxiety, sel f-desperation, sensation pursuit, and impulsivity. Each dimension was evaluated using 5-7 items that can be answered in four stages, from 1 = "I think so strong" to 4 = "I do not think so strongly". I'm afraid to feel dizzy and fainting. " Financial search is characterized by the desire to challenge new things, and is an example of "I like doing a little scary things." This scale factor structure, internal consistency, tes t-retest reliability, structural validation, convergence validity, and discriminatory validity are appropriate in studying university students and adults (). KRANK et al.) This scale is translated into Dutch and used for the first time, so using MPLUS (Muthén and Muthén 1998-2007) to explore the exploding factor analysis of a randomly extracted specimen extracted from the first half of the original specimen. The factor structure was examined using (EFA). Since the item measurement is ordered at the category level, the qu o-square adjustment average and the distributed (WLSMV) test statistics are used at the category level. Substance USE Risk Profile Scale (Surps; Woicik et al. 2009) distinguishes anxiety, sel f-desperation, sensation pursuit, and impulsivity. Each dimension was evaluated using 5-7 items that can be answered in four stages, from 1 = "I think so strong" to 4 = "I do not think so strongly". I'm afraid to feel dizzy and fainting. " Financial search is characterized by the desire to challenge new things, and is an example of "I like doing a little scary things." This scale factor structure, internal consistency, tes t-retest reliability, structural validation, convergence validity, and discriminatory validity are appropriate in studying university students and adults (). KRANK et al.) This scale is translated into Dutch and used for the first time, so using MPLUS (Muthén and Muthén 1998-2007) to explore the exploding factor analysis of a randomly extracted specimen extracted from the first half of the original specimen. The factor structure was examined using (EFA). Since the item measurement is ordered at the category level, the qu o-square adjustment average and the distributed (WLSMV) test statistics are used at the category level.< .001, η 2 _{Synchronous data for this study was collected as part of a larger research study in the national schoo l-based prevention program "Healthy Schools and Drugs". A total of 23 schools participated in the Netherlands. We visited the participating schools, and provided detailed information about the research project. In cooperation with the principal, he told the student's parents in a letter, and he explained that parents could refuse to participate in children. The research plan and data collection procedure have been approved by the Radbow Dobaud Nim e-Hen University Ethics Committee. All data was collected from January to March 2009. All first graders responded to digital questionnaires during school class hours, under the witness of teachers and research assistants. The questionnaire was balanced with three types of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, and six versions were implemented. In this study, the SURP S-based fou r-factor personality model was considered in connection with the use of drug use early and the combination of multiple drugs. 3. 783 youth, 11 to 15, in the first wave of the ongoing Healthy School and Drugs (HSD) effect survey, responded to digital questionnaires. Participants answered questions regarding the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and characteristics. Based on the pr e-research on personality, we anticipated that seeking a sense is the strongest relevant to the use of substances. Specifically, the hypothesis of those who seek the sense that the risk of early use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis is high. Therefore, a young man who is likely to feel anxious has a high risk of early start of alcohol, and the young man who reports that he is at a high desperate level has a high risk of early starting of alcohol and tobacco, and the impulsive young man starts alcohol and cannabis early. He predicted that the risk was high. Such forecasts were also expected to associate with SURPS's personality profile and multiple drugs. However, in consideration of the lack of knowledge in puberty, there was no specific prediction regarding the use of multiple drugs.}Tobacco use prevalence was measured with a single item rated on a 9-point scale ranging from 1 = “I don’t smoke, I’ve never smoked a puff” to 9 = “I smoke at least once a day” (Kremers et al., 2001). To assess smoking prevalence, we followed Kremers (2002) and classified adolescents who answered categories 2–9 as having tried smoking (=1) and adolescents who answered category 1 as having never tried smoking (=0). To estimate smoking initiation age, participants who had never smoked were asked at what age they had their first puff._{Synchronous data for this study was collected as part of a larger research study in the national schoo l-based prevention program "Healthy Schools and Drugs". A total of 23 schools participated in the Netherlands. We visited the participating schools, and provided detailed information about the research project. In cooperation with the principal, he told the student's parents in a letter, and he explained that parents could refuse to participate in children. The research plan and data collection procedure have been approved by the Radbow Dobaud Nim e-Hen University Ethics Committee. All data was collected from January to March 2009. All first graders responded to digital questionnaires during school class hours, under the witness of teachers and research assistants. The questionnaire was balanced with three types of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, and six versions were implemented. In this study, the SURP S-based fou r-factor personality model was considered in connection with the use of drug use early and the combination of multiple drugs. 3. 783 youth, 11 to 15, in the first wave of the ongoing Healthy School and Drugs (HSD) effect survey, responded to digital questionnaires. Participants answered questions regarding the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and characteristics. Based on the pr e-research on personality, we anticipated that seeking a sense is the strongest relevant to the use of substances. Specifically, the hypothesis of those who seek the sense that the risk of early use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis is high. Therefore, a young man who is likely to feel anxious has a high risk of early start of alcohol, and the young man who reports that he is at a high desperate level has a high risk of early starting of alcohol and tobacco, and the impulsive young man starts alcohol and cannabis early. He predicted that the risk was high. Such forecasts were also expected to associate with SURPS's personality profile and multiple drugs. However, in consideration of the lack of knowledge in puberty, there was no specific prediction regarding the use of multiple drugs.}Finally, polysubstance use was operationalized as the use of two or more substances, regardless of the combination or amount of substances used. We created a new variable by classifying all adolescents who used more than one substance as polysubstance users (=1) and all other adolescents as nonpolysubstance users (=0).< .001, η 2 _{Synchronous data for this study was collected as part of a larger research study in the national schoo l-based prevention program "Healthy Schools and Drugs". A total of 23 schools participated in the Netherlands. We visited the participating schools, and provided detailed information about the research project. In cooperation with the principal, he told the student's parents in a letter, and he explained that parents could refuse to participate in children. The research plan and data collection procedure have been approved by the Radbow Dobaud Nim e-Hen University Ethics Committee. All data was collected from January to March 2009. All first graders responded to digital questionnaires during school class hours, under the witness of teachers and research assistants. The questionnaire was balanced with three types of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, and six versions were implemented. In this study, the SURP S-based fou r-factor personality model was considered in connection with the use of drug use early and the combination of multiple drugs. 3. 783 youth, 11 to 15, in the first wave of the ongoing Healthy School and Drugs (HSD) effect survey, responded to digital questionnaires. Participants answered questions regarding the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and characteristics. Based on the pr e-research on personality, we anticipated that seeking a sense is the strongest relevant to the use of substances. Specifically, the hypothesis of those who seek the sense that the risk of early use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis is high. Therefore, a young man who is likely to feel anxious has a high risk of early start of alcohol, and the young man who reports that he is at a high desperate level has a high risk of early starting of alcohol and tobacco, and the impulsive young man starts alcohol and cannabis early. He predicted that the risk was high. Such forecasts were also expected to associate with SURPS's personality profile and multiple drugs. However, in consideration of the lack of knowledge in puberty, there was no specific prediction regarding the use of multiple drugs.}Next, to examine the relationship between personality profiles and the prevalence of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, we defined and tested an initial model (see Figure 1) using structural equation modeling (SEM) in MPLUS (Muthén and Muthén 1998-2007). In this model, we included lifetime prevalence of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis as observed variables, added personality profiles as latent constructs, and individual scale items as indicators. Gender and education level were specified as variables in the model. Weighted least squares regression (WLSMV) was used to estimate the parameters of the model. Chi-square and p-value, comparative fit index (CFI: Bentler 1989), and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA: Steiger 1990) were used to estimate the goodness of fit of the model. For the CFI, values ​​above . 90 indicate an acceptable fit, and values ​​above . 95 indicate an excellent fit to the data. For the RMSEA, values ​​below . 08 indicate an acceptable fit, and values ​​below . 05 indicate a good fit of the model to the data (Hu and Bentler 1999). Explained variance was used as a measure of effect size. A value of about 2% is considered small, a value of about 15% is average, and a value of about 35% is considered a large effect (Figure 1). Standardized estimates of the association between SURPS personality profiles and the prevalence of substance use (N = 3, 783). * P< .001, η 2 _{Synchronous data for this study was collected as part of a larger research study in the national schoo l-based prevention program "Healthy Schools and Drugs". A total of 23 schools participated in the Netherlands. We visited the participating schools, and provided detailed information about the research project. In cooperation with the principal, he told the student's parents in a letter, and he explained that parents could refuse to participate in children. The research plan and data collection procedure have been approved by the Radbow Dobaud Nim e-Hen University Ethics Committee. All data was collected from January to March 2009. All first graders responded to digital questionnaires during school class hours, under the witness of teachers and research assistants. The questionnaire was balanced with three types of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, and six versions were implemented. In this study, the SURP S-based fou r-factor personality model was considered in connection with the use of drug use early and the combination of multiple drugs. 3. 783 youth, 11 to 15, in the first wave of the ongoing Healthy School and Drugs (HSD) effect survey, responded to digital questionnaires. Participants answered questions regarding the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and characteristics. Based on the pr e-research on personality, we anticipated that seeking a sense is the strongest relevant to the use of substances. Specifically, the hypothesis of those who seek the sense that the risk of early use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis is high. Therefore, a young man who is likely to feel anxious has a high risk of early start of alcohol, and the young man who reports that he is at a high desperate level has a high risk of early starting of alcohol and tobacco, and the impulsive young man starts alcohol and cannabis early. He predicted that the risk was high. Such forecasts were also expected to associate with SURPS's personality profile and multiple drugs. However, in consideration of the lack of knowledge in puberty, there was no specific prediction regarding the use of multiple drugs.}π.< .001, η 2 _{Synchronous data for this study was collected as part of a larger research study in the national schoo l-based prevention program "Healthy Schools and Drugs". A total of 23 schools participated in the Netherlands. We visited the participating schools, and provided detailed information about the research project. In cooperation with the principal, he told the student's parents in a letter, and he explained that parents could refuse to participate in children. The research plan and data collection procedure have been approved by the Radbow Dobaud Nim e-Hen University Ethics Committee. All data was collected from January to March 2009. All first graders responded to digital questionnaires during school class hours, under the witness of teachers and research assistants. The questionnaire was balanced with three types of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, and six versions were implemented. In this study, the SURP S-based fou r-factor personality model was considered in connection with the use of drug use early and the combination of multiple drugs. 3. 783 youth, 11 to 15, in the first wave of the ongoing Healthy School and Drugs (HSD) effect survey, responded to digital questionnaires. Participants answered questions regarding the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and characteristics. Based on the pr e-research on personality, we anticipated that seeking a sense is the strongest relevant to the use of substances. Specifically, the hypothesis of those who seek the sense that the risk of early use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis is high. Therefore, a young man who is likely to feel anxious has a high risk of early start of alcohol, and the young man who reports that he is at a high desperate level has a high risk of early starting of alcohol and tobacco, and the impulsive young man starts alcohol and cannabis early. He predicted that the risk was high. Such forecasts were also expected to associate with SURPS's personality profile and multiple drugs. However, in consideration of the lack of knowledge in puberty, there was no specific prediction regarding the use of multiple drugs.}π.< .001, η 2 _{Synchronous data for this study was collected as part of a larger research study in the national schoo l-based prevention program "Healthy Schools and Drugs". A total of 23 schools participated in the Netherlands. We visited the participating schools, and provided detailed information about the research project. In cooperation with the principal, he told the student's parents in a letter, and he explained that parents could refuse to participate in children. The research plan and data collection procedure have been approved by the Radbow Dobaud Nim e-Hen University Ethics Committee. All data was collected from January to March 2009. All first graders responded to digital questionnaires during school class hours, under the witness of teachers and research assistants. The questionnaire was balanced with three types of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, and six versions were implemented. In this study, the SURP S-based fou r-factor personality model was considered in connection with the use of drug use early and the combination of multiple drugs. 3. 783 youth, 11 to 15, in the first wave of the ongoing Healthy School and Drugs (HSD) effect survey, responded to digital questionnaires. Participants answered questions regarding the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and characteristics. Based on the pr e-research on personality, we anticipated that seeking a sense is the strongest relevant to the use of substances. Specifically, the hypothesis of those who seek the sense that the risk of early use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis is high. Therefore, a young man who is likely to feel anxious has a high risk of early start of alcohol, and the young man who reports that he is at a high desperate level has a high risk of early starting of alcohol and tobacco, and the impulsive young man starts alcohol and cannabis early. He predicted that the risk was high. Such forecasts were also expected to associate with SURPS's personality profile and multiple drugs. However, in consideration of the lack of knowledge in puberty, there was no specific prediction regarding the use of multiple drugs.}π.

= . 031], hopelessness [F (1, 3, 434) = 5. 50, p = . 02, the 2

π.< .001, η 2 _{Synchronous data for this study was collected as part of a larger research study in the national schoo l-based prevention program "Healthy Schools and Drugs". A total of 23 schools participated in the Netherlands. We visited the participating schools, and provided detailed information about the research project. In cooperation with the principal, he told the student's parents in a letter, and he explained that parents could refuse to participate in children. The research plan and data collection procedure have been approved by the Radbow Dobaud Nim e-Hen University Ethics Committee. All data was collected from January to March 2009. All first graders responded to digital questionnaires during school class hours, under the witness of teachers and research assistants. The questionnaire was balanced with three types of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, and six versions were implemented. In this study, the SURP S-based fou r-factor personality model was considered in connection with the use of drug use early and the combination of multiple drugs. 3. 783 youth, 11 to 15, in the first wave of the ongoing Healthy School and Drugs (HSD) effect survey, responded to digital questionnaires. Participants answered questions regarding the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and characteristics. Based on the pr e-research on personality, we anticipated that seeking a sense is the strongest relevant to the use of substances. Specifically, the hypothesis of those who seek the sense that the risk of early use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis is high. Therefore, a young man who is likely to feel anxious has a high risk of early start of alcohol, and the young man who reports that he is at a high desperate level has a high risk of early starting of alcohol and tobacco, and the impulsive young man starts alcohol and cannabis early. He predicted that the risk was high. Such forecasts were also expected to associate with SURPS's personality profile and multiple drugs. However, in consideration of the lack of knowledge in puberty, there was no specific prediction regarding the use of multiple drugs.}π.< .001, η 2 _{Synchronous data for this study was collected as part of a larger research study in the national schoo l-based prevention program "Healthy Schools and Drugs". A total of 23 schools participated in the Netherlands. We visited the participating schools, and provided detailed information about the research project. In cooperation with the principal, he told the student's parents in a letter, and he explained that parents could refuse to participate in children. The research plan and data collection procedure have been approved by the Radbow Dobaud Nim e-Hen University Ethics Committee. All data was collected from January to March 2009. All first graders responded to digital questionnaires during school class hours, under the witness of teachers and research assistants. The questionnaire was balanced with three types of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, and six versions were implemented. In this study, the SURP S-based fou r-factor personality model was considered in connection with the use of drug use early and the combination of multiple drugs. 3. 783 youth, 11 to 15, in the first wave of the ongoing Healthy School and Drugs (HSD) effect survey, responded to digital questionnaires. Participants answered questions regarding the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and characteristics. Based on the pr e-research on personality, we anticipated that seeking a sense is the strongest relevant to the use of substances. Specifically, the hypothesis of those who seek the sense that the risk of early use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis is high. Therefore, a young man who is likely to feel anxious has a high risk of early start of alcohol, and the young man who reports that he is at a high desperate level has a high risk of early starting of alcohol and tobacco, and the impulsive young man starts alcohol and cannabis early. He predicted that the risk was high. Such forecasts were also expected to associate with SURPS's personality profile and multiple drugs. However, in consideration of the lack of knowledge in puberty, there was no specific prediction regarding the use of multiple drugs.}π.< .001, η 2 _{Synchronous data for this study was collected as part of a larger research study in the national schoo l-based prevention program "Healthy Schools and Drugs". A total of 23 schools participated in the Netherlands. We visited the participating schools, and provided detailed information about the research project. In cooperation with the principal, he told the student's parents in a letter, and he explained that parents could refuse to participate in children. The research plan and data collection procedure have been approved by the Radbow Dobaud Nim e-Hen University Ethics Committee. All data was collected from January to March 2009. All first graders responded to digital questionnaires during school class hours, under the witness of teachers and research assistants. The questionnaire was balanced with three types of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, and six versions were implemented. In this study, the SURP S-based fou r-factor personality model was considered in connection with the use of drug use early and the combination of multiple drugs. 3. 783 youth, 11 to 15, in the first wave of the ongoing Healthy School and Drugs (HSD) effect survey, responded to digital questionnaires. Participants answered questions regarding the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and characteristics. Based on the pr e-research on personality, we anticipated that seeking a sense is the strongest relevant to the use of substances. Specifically, the hypothesis of those who seek the sense that the risk of early use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis is high. Therefore, a young man who is likely to feel anxious has a high risk of early start of alcohol, and the young man who reports that he is at a high desperate level has a high risk of early starting of alcohol and tobacco, and the impulsive young man starts alcohol and cannabis early. He predicted that the risk was high. Such forecasts were also expected to associate with SURPS's personality profile and multiple drugs. However, in consideration of the lack of knowledge in puberty, there was no specific prediction regarding the use of multiple drugs.}π.< .001, η 2 _{Synchronous data for this study was collected as part of a larger research study in the national schoo l-based prevention program "Healthy Schools and Drugs". A total of 23 schools participated in the Netherlands. We visited the participating schools, and provided detailed information about the research project. In cooperation with the principal, he told the student's parents in a letter, and he explained that parents could refuse to participate in children. The research plan and data collection procedure have been approved by the Radbow Dobaud Nim e-Hen University Ethics Committee. All data was collected from January to March 2009. All first graders responded to digital questionnaires during school class hours, under the witness of teachers and research assistants. The questionnaire was balanced with three types of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, and six versions were implemented. In this study, the SURP S-based fou r-factor personality model was considered in connection with the use of drug use early and the combination of multiple drugs. 3. 783 youth, 11 to 15, in the first wave of the ongoing Healthy School and Drugs (HSD) effect survey, responded to digital questionnaires. Participants answered questions regarding the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and characteristics. Based on the pr e-research on personality, we anticipated that seeking a sense is the strongest relevant to the use of substances. Specifically, the hypothesis of those who seek the sense that the risk of early use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis is high. Therefore, a young man who is likely to feel anxious has a high risk of early start of alcohol, and the young man who reports that he is at a high desperate level has a high risk of early starting of alcohol and tobacco, and the impulsive young man starts alcohol and cannabis early. He predicted that the risk was high. Such forecasts were also expected to associate with SURPS's personality profile and multiple drugs. However, in consideration of the lack of knowledge in puberty, there was no specific prediction regarding the use of multiple drugs.}π.< .001, η 2 _{Synchronous data for this study was collected as part of a larger research study in the national schoo l-based prevention program "Healthy Schools and Drugs". A total of 23 schools participated in the Netherlands. We visited the participating schools, and provided detailed information about the research project. In cooperation with the principal, he told the student's parents in a letter, and he explained that parents could refuse to participate in children. The research plan and data collection procedure have been approved by the Radbow Dobaud Nim e-Hen University Ethics Committee. All data was collected from January to March 2009. All first graders responded to digital questionnaires during school class hours, under the witness of teachers and research assistants. The questionnaire was balanced with three types of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, and six versions were implemented. In this study, the SURP S-based fou r-factor personality model was considered in connection with the use of drug use early and the combination of multiple drugs. 3. 783 youth, 11 to 15, in the first wave of the ongoing Healthy School and Drugs (HSD) effect survey, responded to digital questionnaires. Participants answered questions regarding the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and characteristics. Based on the pr e-research on personality, we anticipated that seeking a sense is the strongest relevant to the use of substances. Specifically, the hypothesis of those who seek the sense that the risk of early use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis is high. Therefore, a young man who is likely to feel anxious has a high risk of early start of alcohol, and the young man who reports that he is at a high desperate level has a high risk of early starting of alcohol and tobacco, and the impulsive young man starts alcohol and cannabis early. He predicted that the risk was high. Such forecasts were also expected to associate with SURPS's personality profile and multiple drugs. However, in consideration of the lack of knowledge in puberty, there was no specific prediction regarding the use of multiple drugs.}Table 1 Personality profile, average value of onset and standard deviation< .001, η 2 _{Synchronous data for this study was collected as part of a larger research study in the national schoo l-based prevention program "Healthy Schools and Drugs". A total of 23 schools participated in the Netherlands. We visited the participating schools, and provided detailed information about the research project. In cooperation with the principal, he told the student's parents in a letter, and he explained that parents could refuse to participate in children. The research plan and data collection procedure have been approved by the Radbow Dobaud Nim e-Hen University Ethics Committee. All data was collected from January to March 2009. All first graders responded to digital questionnaires during school class hours, under the witness of teachers and research assistants. The questionnaire was balanced with three types of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, and six versions were implemented. In this study, the SURP S-based fou r-factor personality model was considered in connection with the use of drug use early and the combination of multiple drugs. 3. 783 youth, 11 to 15, in the first wave of the ongoing Healthy School and Drugs (HSD) effect survey, responded to digital questionnaires. Participants answered questions regarding the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and characteristics. Based on the pr e-research on personality, we anticipated that seeking a sense is the strongest relevant to the use of substances. Specifically, the hypothesis of those who seek the sense that the risk of early use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis is high. Therefore, a young man who is likely to feel anxious has a high risk of early start of alcohol, and the young man who reports that he is at a high desperate level has a high risk of early starting of alcohol and tobacco, and the impulsive young man starts alcohol and cannabis early. He predicted that the risk was high. Such forecasts were also expected to associate with SURPS's personality profile and multiple drugs. However, in consideration of the lack of knowledge in puberty, there was no specific prediction regarding the use of multiple drugs.}P_{Synchronous data for this study was collected as part of a larger research study in the national schoo l-based prevention program "Healthy Schools and Drugs". A total of 23 schools participated in the Netherlands. We visited the participating schools, and provided detailed information about the research project. In cooperation with the principal, he told the student's parents in a letter, and he explained that parents could refuse to participate in children. The research plan and data collection procedure have been approved by the Radbow Dobaud Nim e-Hen University Ethics Committee. All data was collected from January to March 2009. All first graders responded to digital questionnaires during school class hours, under the witness of teachers and research assistants. The questionnaire was balanced with three types of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, and six versions were implemented. In this study, the SURP S-based fou r-factor personality model was considered in connection with the use of drug use early and the combination of multiple drugs. 3. 783 youth, 11 to 15, in the first wave of the ongoing Healthy School and Drugs (HSD) effect survey, responded to digital questionnaires. Participants answered questions regarding the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and characteristics. Based on the pr e-research on personality, we anticipated that seeking a sense is the strongest relevant to the use of substances. Specifically, the hypothesis of those who seek the sense that the risk of early use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis is high. Therefore, a young man who is likely to feel anxious has a high risk of early start of alcohol, and the young man who reports that he is at a high desperate level has a high risk of early starting of alcohol and tobacco, and the impulsive young man starts alcohol and cannabis early. He predicted that the risk was high. Such forecasts were also expected to associate with SURPS's personality profile and multiple drugs. However, in consideration of the lack of knowledge in puberty, there was no specific prediction regarding the use of multiple drugs.}P< .001, η 2 _{Synchronous data for this study was collected as part of a larger research study in the national schoo l-based prevention program "Healthy Schools and Drugs". A total of 23 schools participated in the Netherlands. We visited the participating schools, and provided detailed information about the research project. In cooperation with the principal, he told the student's parents in a letter, and he explained that parents could refuse to participate in children. The research plan and data collection procedure have been approved by the Radbow Dobaud Nim e-Hen University Ethics Committee. All data was collected from January to March 2009. All first graders responded to digital questionnaires during school class hours, under the witness of teachers and research assistants. The questionnaire was balanced with three types of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, and six versions were implemented. In this study, the SURP S-based fou r-factor personality model was considered in connection with the use of drug use early and the combination of multiple drugs. 3. 783 youth, 11 to 15, in the first wave of the ongoing Healthy School and Drugs (HSD) effect survey, responded to digital questionnaires. Participants answered questions regarding the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and characteristics. Based on the pr e-research on personality, we anticipated that seeking a sense is the strongest relevant to the use of substances. Specifically, the hypothesis of those who seek the sense that the risk of early use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis is high. Therefore, a young man who is likely to feel anxious has a high risk of early start of alcohol, and the young man who reports that he is at a high desperate level has a high risk of early starting of alcohol and tobacco, and the impulsive young man starts alcohol and cannabis early. He predicted that the risk was high. Such forecasts were also expected to associate with SURPS's personality profile and multiple drugs. However, in consideration of the lack of knowledge in puberty, there was no specific prediction regarding the use of multiple drugs.}P< .001, η 2 _{Synchronous data for this study was collected as part of a larger research study in the national schoo l-based prevention program "Healthy Schools and Drugs". A total of 23 schools participated in the Netherlands. We visited the participating schools, and provided detailed information about the research project. In cooperation with the principal, he told the student's parents in a letter, and he explained that parents could refuse to participate in children. The research plan and data collection procedure have been approved by the Radbow Dobaud Nim e-Hen University Ethics Committee. All data was collected from January to March 2009. All first graders responded to digital questionnaires during school class hours, under the witness of teachers and research assistants. The questionnaire was balanced with three types of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, and six versions were implemented. In this study, the SURP S-based fou r-factor personality model was considered in connection with the use of drug use early and the combination of multiple drugs. 3. 783 youth, 11 to 15, in the first wave of the ongoing Healthy School and Drugs (HSD) effect survey, responded to digital questionnaires. Participants answered questions regarding the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and characteristics. Based on the pr e-research on personality, we anticipated that seeking a sense is the strongest relevant to the use of substances. Specifically, the hypothesis of those who seek the sense that the risk of early use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis is high. Therefore, a young man who is likely to feel anxious has a high risk of early start of alcohol, and the young man who reports that he is at a high desperate level has a high risk of early starting of alcohol and tobacco, and the impulsive young man starts alcohol and cannabis early. He predicted that the risk was high. Such forecasts were also expected to associate with SURPS's personality profile and multiple drugs. However, in consideration of the lack of knowledge in puberty, there was no specific prediction regarding the use of multiple drugs.}P< .001, η 2 _{Synchronous data for this study was collected as part of a larger research study in the national schoo l-based prevention program "Healthy Schools and Drugs". A total of 23 schools participated in the Netherlands. We visited the participating schools, and provided detailed information about the research project. In cooperation with the principal, he told the student's parents in a letter, and he explained that parents could refuse to participate in children. The research plan and data collection procedure have been approved by the Radbow Dobaud Nim e-Hen University Ethics Committee. All data was collected from January to March 2009. All first graders responded to digital questionnaires during school class hours, under the witness of teachers and research assistants. The questionnaire was balanced with three types of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, and six versions were implemented. In this study, the SURP S-based fou r-factor personality model was considered in connection with the use of drug use early and the combination of multiple drugs. 3. 783 youth, 11 to 15, in the first wave of the ongoing Healthy School and Drugs (HSD) effect survey, responded to digital questionnaires. Participants answered questions regarding the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and characteristics. Based on the pr e-research on personality, we anticipated that seeking a sense is the strongest relevant to the use of substances. Specifically, the hypothesis of those who seek the sense that the risk of early use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis is high. Therefore, a young man who is likely to feel anxious has a high risk of early start of alcohol, and the young man who reports that he is at a high desperate level has a high risk of early starting of alcohol and tobacco, and the impulsive young man starts alcohol and cannabis early. He predicted that the risk was high. Such forecasts were also expected to associate with SURPS's personality profile and multiple drugs. However, in consideration of the lack of knowledge in puberty, there was no specific prediction regarding the use of multiple drugs.}P

= 0, 005], polysaccharides [F (1, 3, 414) = 17, 75, P< .001, η 2 _{Synchronous data for this study was collected as part of a larger research study in the national schoo l-based prevention program "Healthy Schools and Drugs". A total of 23 schools participated in the Netherlands. We visited the participating schools, and provided detailed information about the research project. In cooperation with the principal, he told the student's parents in a letter, and he explained that parents could refuse to participate in children. The research plan and data collection procedure have been approved by the Radbow Dobaud Nim e-Hen University Ethics Committee. All data was collected from January to March 2009. All first graders responded to digital questionnaires during school class hours, under the witness of teachers and research assistants. The questionnaire was balanced with three types of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, and six versions were implemented. In this study, the SURP S-based fou r-factor personality model was considered in connection with the use of drug use early and the combination of multiple drugs. 3. 783 youth, 11 to 15, in the first wave of the ongoing Healthy School and Drugs (HSD) effect survey, responded to digital questionnaires. Participants answered questions regarding the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and characteristics. Based on the pr e-research on personality, we anticipated that seeking a sense is the strongest relevant to the use of substances. Specifically, the hypothesis of those who seek the sense that the risk of early use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis is high. Therefore, a young man who is likely to feel anxious has a high risk of early start of alcohol, and the young man who reports that he is at a high desperate level has a high risk of early starting of alcohol and tobacco, and the impulsive young man starts alcohol and cannabis early. He predicted that the risk was high. Such forecasts were also expected to associate with SURPS's personality profile and multiple drugs. However, in consideration of the lack of knowledge in puberty, there was no specific prediction regarding the use of multiple drugs.}=. 005]. In particular, boys are already using a variety of drugs than girls, and it turns out that boys are more mult i-drugs than girls. [F (2, 3, 414) = 3, 32, p = 0, 04, 2, which indicated the educational effect on alcohol in the single amount test.< .001, η 2 _{Synchronous data for this study was collected as part of a larger research study in the national schoo l-based prevention program "Healthy Schools and Drugs". A total of 23 schools participated in the Netherlands. We visited the participating schools, and provided detailed information about the research project. In cooperation with the principal, he told the student's parents in a letter, and he explained that parents could refuse to participate in children. The research plan and data collection procedure have been approved by the Radbow Dobaud Nim e-Hen University Ethics Committee. All data was collected from January to March 2009. All first graders responded to digital questionnaires during school class hours, under the witness of teachers and research assistants. The questionnaire was balanced with three types of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, and six versions were implemented. In this study, the SURP S-based fou r-factor personality model was considered in connection with the use of drug use early and the combination of multiple drugs. 3. 783 youth, 11 to 15, in the first wave of the ongoing Healthy School and Drugs (HSD) effect survey, responded to digital questionnaires. Participants answered questions regarding the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and characteristics. Based on the pr e-research on personality, we anticipated that seeking a sense is the strongest relevant to the use of substances. Specifically, the hypothesis of those who seek the sense that the risk of early use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis is high. Therefore, a young man who is likely to feel anxious has a high risk of early start of alcohol, and the young man who reports that he is at a high desperate level has a high risk of early starting of alcohol and tobacco, and the impulsive young man starts alcohol and cannabis early. He predicted that the risk was high. Such forecasts were also expected to associate with SURPS's personality profile and multiple drugs. However, in consideration of the lack of knowledge in puberty, there was no specific prediction regarding the use of multiple drugs.}= 0, 002], tobacco [F (2, 3, 414) = 88, 89, P_{Synchronous data for this study was collected as part of a larger research study in the national schoo l-based prevention program "Healthy Schools and Drugs". A total of 23 schools participated in the Netherlands. We visited the participating schools, and provided detailed information about the research project. In cooperation with the principal, he told the student's parents in a letter, and he explained that parents could refuse to participate in children. The research plan and data collection procedure have been approved by the Radbow Dobaud Nim e-Hen University Ethics Committee. All data was collected from January to March 2009. All first graders responded to digital questionnaires during school class hours, under the witness of teachers and research assistants. The questionnaire was balanced with three types of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, and six versions were implemented. In this study, the SURP S-based fou r-factor personality model was considered in connection with the use of drug use early and the combination of multiple drugs. 3. 783 youth, 11 to 15, in the first wave of the ongoing Healthy School and Drugs (HSD) effect survey, responded to digital questionnaires. Participants answered questions regarding the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and characteristics. Based on the pr e-research on personality, we anticipated that seeking a sense is the strongest relevant to the use of substances. Specifically, the hypothesis of those who seek the sense that the risk of early use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis is high. Therefore, a young man who is likely to feel anxious has a high risk of early start of alcohol, and the young man who reports that he is at a high desperate level has a high risk of early starting of alcohol and tobacco, and the impulsive young man starts alcohol and cannabis early. He predicted that the risk was high. Such forecasts were also expected to associate with SURPS's personality profile and multiple drugs. However, in consideration of the lack of knowledge in puberty, there was no specific prediction regarding the use of multiple drugs.}= 0, 049], cannabis [F (2, 3, 414) = 17, 96, P< .01, η 2 _{Synchronous data for this study was collected as part of a larger research study in the national schoo l-based prevention program "Healthy Schools and Drugs". A total of 23 schools participated in the Netherlands. We visited the participating schools, and provided detailed information about the research project. In cooperation with the principal, he told the student's parents in a letter, and he explained that parents could refuse to participate in children. The research plan and data collection procedure have been approved by the Radbow Dobaud Nim e-Hen University Ethics Committee. All data was collected from January to March 2009. All first graders responded to digital questionnaires during school class hours, under the witness of teachers and research assistants. The questionnaire was balanced with three types of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, and six versions were implemented. In this study, the SURP S-based fou r-factor personality model was considered in connection with the use of drug use early and the combination of multiple drugs. 3. 783 youth, 11 to 15, in the first wave of the ongoing Healthy School and Drugs (HSD) effect survey, responded to digital questionnaires. Participants answered questions regarding the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis and characteristics. Based on the pr e-research on personality, we anticipated that seeking a sense is the strongest relevant to the use of substances. Specifically, the hypothesis of those who seek the sense that the risk of early use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis is high. Therefore, a young man who is likely to feel anxious has a high risk of early start of alcohol, and the young man who reports that he is at a high desperate level has a high risk of early starting of alcohol and tobacco, and the impulsive young man starts alcohol and cannabis early. He predicted that the risk was high. Such forecasts were also expected to associate with SURPS's personality profile and multiple drugs. However, in consideration of the lack of knowledge in puberty, there was no specific prediction regarding the use of multiple drugs.}= 0, 010], polysaccharides [F (2, 3, 414) = 70, 68, P

Personality profiles and lifetime prevalence

Personality profiles and age of onset

P

Personality profiles and poly substance use

Discussion

=, 040]. Compared to highly educated students, lo w-educated students reported the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis. In addition, lo w-educated students tended to use multiple substances compared to highly educated students.

Personality profiles and lifetime prevalence

Three Anova was conducted to verify gender differences and educational background differences regarding the age of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis. Gender main effect [F (1, 2, 038) = 51, 07, P

P

= 0, 024] And the main effect of educational background [F (2, 2, 038) = 14, 05, P

Personality profiles and age of onset

P

Personality profiles and poly substance use

= 014] was recognized for the age of alcohol. Regarding the use of cigarettes, the main effect of gender was recognized [F (1, 745) = 5, 65, p = 0, 02, The 2

Strengths, limitations, and implications for future research

P

= And Training [F (2, 745) = 5, 20, P

P< .05. Because the structural parameters did not change substantially we preferred to use the classical SEM model with the confirmatory factor model as measurement model.

= . 014]. Finally, the final ANOVA with age at onset of cannabis use as the dependent variable showed no main effects of gender and education. Overall, results showed that males and students with higher education started drinking and smoking earlier than females and students with lower education. Overall, the effects of gender and education level on substance use and personality were small but still significant, so we identified them as covariates in subsequent analyses.

Table 2 Standardized estimates and standard errors for models tested

The results revealed that, overall, three of the four SURPS personality profiles were associated with early adolescent substance use behaviors. In particular, the various models revealed that in this sample of adolescents with many in the early stages of substance use, hopelessness and sensation seeking in particular were strongly associated with higher odds of alcohol, cigarette, and tobacco use. Using cannabis at a young age and using multiple substances. Also, people with higher levels of hopelessness were more likely to start using alcohol and cannabis at a young age. On the other hand, people with higher anxiety sensitivity were less likely to start using alcohol at a young age.

References

• The pr e-study that surveyed the role of Surps personality profile to play alcohol intake was mainly focused on a higher level of alcohol intake (for example, cooper et al, this time, the revised SURPS. Personality profile not only shows no n-adaptive alcohol consumption patterns that have already been established in young people and adults (for example, SHER et al. Specifically, Surps's personality profile is a moderate alcohol in adolescence. It has been found that the desperation and the sense of alcohol in the age of the youth, especially for this specific age group, are relevant. Considering the nature of newness and the fact that various substances experiments could be considered as such a new experience, what kind of role would our desperation played in our age group. It was not obvious, but since this characteristics used to predict the progress to material abuse (for example, Jackson and Sher 2003), it seems that despair is so important in our age group. One of the unexpected explanations is that despair starts using substances as a means of dealing with negative thinking. The pr e-study that investigated the role of playing was mainly focused on a higher level of alcohol intake (for example, Cooper et al, this time, the revised SURPS personality profile, youth and adults. Not only indicates the already established no n-adapted alcohol consumption patterns (for example, SHER et al. Specifically, Surps's personality profile is related to the use of alcohol in the early youth and moderate strength. It has been found that the desperate sense of alcohol is suggested, especially for the recklessness of alcohol, especially for this specific age group. Considering that various substances experiments were considered such a new experience, it was not clear what our despair played in our age group. This characteristics used to predict the progress of material abuse (for example, Jackson and Sher 2003), so it was surprising that despair was so important in our age group. 。 One of the possible explanations is that despair starts using substances as a means of dealing with negative thinking in adolescent. As a result, the pr e-study that surveyed the role of Surps Personality Profile in alcohol intake was mainly focused on a higher level of alcohol intake (for example, Cooper et al, this result. The SURPS personality profile not only indicates no n-adaptive alcohol consumption patterns that have already been established in youth and adults (for example, SHER et al. Specifically, SURPS's personality profile is in the middle of adolescent alcohol use. It has been found that this specific age group is particularly desperate and rarely suggested. Considering the nature of the person's novelty and the fact that various material experiments could be considered as such a new experience, what role of our desperation was in our age group. Although it was not clear whether to fulfill, this characteristic was mostly for predicting the progress of substance abuse (for example, Jackson and Sher 2003), so despair is so important in our age group. One of the surprising explanations is to use the substance to deal with the negative thinking.
• Another explanation is that early childhood problems (e. g., domestic violence, disorganized home environments, antisocial behavior) may lead to both negative affect (e. g., Reinherz et al. 2003 ) and the early onset of substance use (e. g., Dishion et al. 1999 ). The relationship between hopelessness and lifetime morbidity may be based on a third variable explanation, suggesting that early life adversity may affect the development of personality profiles and subsequent involvement in problem behaviors (Akse et al. 2003). Hopelessness has been associated with self-harming and suicidal behaviors (O'Connor et al. 2003). Further research is needed to clarify the possible pathways through which hopelessness may relate to early substance use behaviors. Contrary to expectations, a negative association was found between anxiety sensitivity and alcohol use. This may be explained by the anticipatory effect of fear of physical excitement. Individuals with high anxiety sensitivity may not have had previous alcohol use experiences and therefore may not know whether drinking alcohol will lead to abnormal physical sensations, which may hinder them from drinking alcohol. Another explanation is that problems in early childhood (e. g., domestic violence, disorganized home environment, antisocial behavior) may lead to both negative emotions (e. g., Reinherz et al. 2003) and the early onset of substance use (e. g., Dishion et al. 1999). The relationship between hopelessness and lifetime morbidity may be based on a third variable explanation. These findings may be based on a variable explanation, suggesting that early life adversity may affect the development of personality profiles and subsequent involvement in problem behaviors (Akse et al. 2003). Hopelessness has been associated with self-harming and suicidal behaviors (O'Connor et al. 2004). Further research is needed to clarify the possible pathways through which hopelessness may relate to early substance use behaviors. Contrary to expectations, we found a negative association between anxiety sensitivity and alcohol use. This may be explained by the anticipatory effect of fear of physical excitement. Individuals with high anxiety sensitivity may not have had previous alcohol use experiences and therefore may not know whether drinking alcohol will lead to abnormal bodily sensations, which may hinder them from drinking alcohol. Another explanation is that early childhood problems (e. g., domestic violence, disorganized home environment, antisocial behavior) may lead to both negative emotions (e. g., Reinherz et al. 2003) and the early onset of substance use (e. g., Dishion et al. 1999). The relationship between hopelessness and lifetime prevalence may be related to a third These findings may be based on a variable explanation, suggesting that early life adversity may affect the development of personality profiles and subsequent involvement in problem behaviors (Akse et al. 2014). Hopelessness has been associated with self-harm and suicidal behaviors (O'Connor et al. 2014). Further research is needed to clarify the possible pathways through which hopelessness may relate to early substance use behaviors. Contrary to expectations, a negative association was found between anxiety sensitivity and alcohol use. This may be explained by the anticipatory effect of fear of physical excitement. Individuals with high anxiety sensitivity may not have had previous experience of drinking alcohol, and therefore may not know whether drinking will lead to abnormal physical sensations, which may hinder them from drinking alcohol. In addition,
• Our knowledge also suggests that there is a clear relationship between two personality profiles (that is, despair and sensory requests) and continuous use of cigarettes in early youth. One of the few studies that investigates the role of the personality (big five) in smoking in adolescent (Harake et al. Acquisition stability is a protection factor. Our results are consistent with these recent knowledge, and the extrovertitivity. Openness is strongly related to seeking a sense, and despair is on the other side of emotional stability, our results are associated with the early use of cannabis. This suggests that the feeling of the past (ARNETT 1994) indicates a reckless behavior like the use of cannabis. It is thought that the substance is used in search of the effect that is easy to get drunk (COMEAU et al. 2001), and those who seek the sensation belong to such a characteristic (for example, cannabis), and therefore specific substances. It may be easy to start using it in the age of the youth, but it is not clear how to interpret it in our age. The result of the older young man suggests the following < Span>, and continuously in the youth. It suggests that there is a clear relationship between the use of cigarettes, which is one of the few researches in the character of smoking (Harakeh et al. However, our results are consistent with these recent knowledge, suggesting that despair is on the other side of emotional stability. Finally, our results suggest that the sensory request is associated with the early start of the use of cannabis, indicating that it predicts a reckless behavior such as cannabis use. Those who seek the sensation of the past (Arnett 1994) are thought to use substances for euphoric / drunk effects. Such a characteristic (for example, cannabis), it may be easy to start using a specific substance. However, it is not clear how to interpret this finding in our age group. Our knowledge also suggests that there is a clear relationship between two personality profiles (that is, despair and sensory requests) and continuous use of cigarettes in early youth. One of the few studies that investigates the role of the personality (big five) in smoking in adolescent (Harake et al. Acquisition stability is a protection factor. Our results are consistent with these recent knowledge, and the extrovertitivity. Openness is strongly related to seeking a sense, and despair is on the other side of emotional stability, our results are associated with the early use of cannabis. This suggests that the feeling of the past (ARNETT 1994) indicates a reckless behavior like the use of cannabis. It is thought that the substance is used in search of the effect that is easy to get drunk (COMEAU et al. 2001), and those who seek the sensation belong to such a characteristic (for example, cannabis), and therefore specific substances. It may be easy to start using it in the age of the youth, but it is not clear how to interpret it in our age. The result of the older young man suggests the following:
• We only found results supporting the role of desperation in the age of onset of alcohol and cannabis use. These findings could also be explained by the explanation of a third variable (i. e., childhood problems). Apart from the findings examining desperation, we found little support for the relationship between personality profiles and the age of onset of use of various substances. This result may be due to the retrospective nature and limited scope of these questions. Adolescents were asked the age at which they first experienced a particular substance. In the Netherlands, most adolescents start trying alcohol first, then tobacco and cannabis (Monshouwer et al.). Therefore, the recall time between the first experience and the time of the question may be longer and less relevant, especially for alcohol and tobacco use (Bailey et al., 1992; Engels et al., 1997). At the same time, this tendency leads to differences in the diversity of answers. Because the onset of cannabis use among adolescents is at a later age, less variability in the age of onset is found compared to the onset of alcohol and tobacco use. These results could explain the lack of knowledge regarding the age of onset of cannabis use and the small results found for the associations between profiles.
• This study stated that SURPS's personality profile was strongly related to adolescent drugs. In particular, it turns out that despair and the sense of sensation suggest that the use of a combination of multiple drugs, and these results are almost the same as the knowledge so far. Pr e-research suggests that multidrugs have a particularly high level of impulsivity and sensory pursuit (for example, Galizio and Stein 1983; Lacey and Evans 1986). In addition, there are evidence that multidrugs have low fluent and mindfulness, and suggest that they are high in neuropathy (McCormick et al., 1998). Many of these studies are examined about the relationship between the personality and the use of multiple drugs in clinical samples (that is, drug dependents), and as far as we know, most of the early development of multiple agents in young young people is known. Not not. In contrast to these knowledge, we have a strong association between despair, sensory requests, and multida l-drugs, but have not been relevant between impulsivity and material use. In this study, the definition of substance use was used for two or more substances, including alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use. In other studies for the elderly and clinical samples, it was common to use multiple drugs using multiple (hard) drugs.
• The major strength of this research is that it is a no n-clinical larg e-scale national sample. In addition, he not only focuses on the use of alcoholic alcohol, but also focused on the use of cigarettes and cannabis. Thanks to the large specimens, we were able to perform advanced SEM analysis that controls mult i-level data structures. Finally, the advantage of this study was that our scale was fully verified and all scale had good psychological measurement characteristics. < SPAN> This study stated that SURPS's personality profile was strongly related to adolescent drugs. In particular, it turns out that despair and the sense of sensation suggest that the use of a combination of multiple drugs, and these results are almost the same as the knowledge so far. Pr e-research suggests that multidrugs have a particularly high level of impulsivity and sensory pursuit (for example, Galizio and Stein 1983; Lacey and Evans 1986). In addition, there are evidence that multidrugs have low fluent and mindfulness, and suggest that they are high in neuropathy (McCormick et al., 1998). Many of these studies are examined about the relationship between the personality and the use of multiple drugs in clinical samples (that is, drug dependents), and as far as we know, most of the early development of multiple agents in young young people is known. Not not. In contrast to these knowledge, we have a strong association between despair, sensory requests, and multida l-drugs, but have not been relevant between impulsivity and material use. In this study, the definition of substance use was used for two or more substances, including alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use. In other studies for the elderly and clinical samples, it was common to use multiple drugs using multiple (hard) drugs.
• The major strength of this research is that it is a no n-clinical larg e-scale national sample. In addition, he not only focuses on the use of alcoholic alcohol, but also focused on the use of cigarettes and cannabis. Thanks to the large specimens, we were able to perform advanced SEM analysis that controls mult i-level data structures. Finally, the advantage of this study was that our scale was fully verified and all scale had good psychological measurement characteristics. This study stated that SURPS's personality profile was strongly related to adolescent drugs. In particular, it turns out that despair and the sense of sensation suggest that the use of a combination of multiple drugs, and these results are almost the same as the knowledge so far. Pr e-research suggests that multidrugs have a particularly high level of impulsivity and sensory pursuit (for example, Galizio and Stein 1983; Lacey and Evans 1986). In addition, there are evidence that multidrugs have low fluent and mindfulness, and suggest that they are high in neuropathy (McCormick et al., 1998). Many of these studies are examined about the relationship between the personality and the use of multiple drugs in clinical samples (that is, drug dependents), and as far as we know, most of the early development of multiple agents in young young people is known. Not not. In contrast to these knowledge, we have a strong association between despair, sensory requests, and multida l-drugs, but have not been relevant between impulsivity and material use. In this study, the definition of substance use was used for two or more substances, including alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use. In other studies for the elderly and clinical samples, it was common to use multiple drugs using multiple (hard) drugs.
• The major strength of this research is that it is a no n-clinical larg e-scale national sample. In addition, he not only focuses on the use of alcoholic alcohol, but also focused on the use of cigarettes and cannabis. Thanks to the large specimens, we were able to perform advanced SEM analysis that controls mult i-level data structures. Finally, the advantage of this study was that our scale was fully verified and all scale had good psychological measurement characteristics.
• There were several limits for this study. First of all, because of the crossing design, the causal relationship cannot be explained from these compounds. According to Roberts et al. (2006) meta analysis, the average level of personality characteristics has changed in the entire life course, especially adolescence. Generally, it is found that personal personality types are only stable in the middle (eg, HART, 2003) and adolescent (eg, 2007). So, is the personality profile preceding the use of substances, or is the use of substance using a substance? We surveyed the role of the character in material use in the early youth group, which was at the start of the use of alcohol and tobacco and had little experience with cannabis. Therefore, in these young youths, we were able to ask if the potential changes in substance (AB) were already remarkable. Such a change is likely to be revealed in the later stage, after a young man has more substance use experience, or after the actual use of the substance. It seems reasonable to think that personality is ahead of material use in early youth groups at the early stage of material use. However, this hypothesis should be interpreted carefully.
• Second, the degree of compatibility of the model represented by RMSEA is between . 050 and . 062, and CFI is between 0, 928 and . 943. This means that the compatibility of the model is within the tolerance, but not excellent. There are quite a few documents for the compatibility index and the cu t-off score. In our view, the important reason for the inadequate deficiency is related to the measurement part of the model (factor model). The factor model requires a simple structure that has been restricted so that the cross loading is zero. In the search factor model, cross loading is observed, and as a result, the compatibility of the model is improved. In this paper, the recently developed exploratory structural equation model (ESEM) was applied to the model. In these models, the measurement part of the structural model is estimated from the search factor model (asparouhov and Muthén 2009). In fact, the confirmed factor model of the structural model was replaced by a search factor model. The degree of conformity of all models has been improved, CFI & amp; gt? 95, RMSEA value
• Third, there is a possibility that a measurement error occurred due to the use of sel f-report. The status perspective and cognitive viewpoint (Brener et al.) The status perspective is related to the impact of the social environment that youth may lead to a socially desirable answer. In order to avoid social desire and optimize the validity of measurement, we guarantee that the participants have fully confidentiality (, for example, Dolcini et al.) A sel f-reported perspective. It is related to cognitive or internal processes that can affect. In our research, we asked the participants if we had tried a specific substance, but this is definitely different from asking how much they used for a specific period. Participants are expected to remember the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis before. Regarding questions about the onset age, it seems that the cognitive aspects seem to be more relevant, so it can be argued that these sel f-reporting have more measurement errors. However, between the age of using cannabis for the first time and the age of the cannabis
• Fourth, we focused only on the relationship between SURPS's personality profile and material use behavior. It is interesting to find out if the SURPS personality profile also shows other ris k-type behavior. Finally, in our design, we used an approach focusing on variables, using Surps personality profiles to examine individual differences in material use for each of the four profiles. However, it is also possible to check how the combination of characteristics is organized in an individual using an approach that emphasizes individuals (Bergman and Magnusson 1997). With this approach, it may be more clear how these combinations are related to adolescent substances. < SPAN> Third, there is a possibility that a measurement error occurred due to the use of sel f-report. The status perspective and cognitive viewpoint (Brener et al.) The status perspective is related to the impact of the social environment that youth may lead to a socially desirable answer. In order to avoid social desire and optimize the validity of measurement, we guarantee that the participants have fully confidentiality (, for example, Dolcini et al.) A sel f-reported perspective. It is related to cognitive or internal processes that can affect. In our research, we asked the participants if we had tried a specific substance, but this is definitely different from asking how much they used for a specific period. Participants are expected to remember the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis before. Regarding questions about the onset age, it seems that the cognitive aspects seem to be more relevant, so it can be argued that these sel f-reporting have more measurement errors. However, between the age of using cannabis for the first time and the age of the cannabis
• Fourth, we focused only on the relationship between SURPS's personality profile and material use behavior. It is interesting to find out if the SURPS personality profile shows other ris k-type behavior. Finally, in our design, we used an approach focusing on variables, using Surps personality profiles to examine individual differences in material use for each of the four profiles. However, it is also possible to check how the combination of characteristics is organized in an individual using an approach that emphasizes individuals (Bergman and Magnusson 1997). With this approach, it may be more clear how these combinations are related to adolescent substances. Third, there is a possibility that a measurement error occurred due to the use of sel f-report. The status perspective and cognitive viewpoint (Brener et al.) The status perspective is related to the impact of the social environment that youth may lead to a socially desirable answer. In order to avoid social desire and optimize the validity of measurement, we guarantee that the participants have fully confidentiality (, for example, Dolcini et al.) A sel f-reported perspective. It is related to cognitive or internal processes that can affect. In our research, we asked the participants if we had tried a specific substance, but this is definitely different from asking how much they used for a specific period. Participants are expected to remember the use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis before. Regarding questions about the onset age, it seems that the cognitive aspects seem to be more relevant, so it can be argued that these sel f-reporting have more measurement errors. However, between the age of using cannabis for the first time and the age of the cannabis
• Fourth, we focused only on the relationship between SURPS's personality profile and material use behavior. It is interesting to find out if the SURPS personality profile also shows other ris k-type behavior. Finally, in our design, we used an approach focusing on variables, using Surps personality profiles to examine individual differences in material use for each of the four profiles. However, it is also possible to check how the combination of characteristics is organized in an individual using an approach that emphasizes individuals (Bergman and Magnusson 1997). With this approach, it may be more clear how these combinations are related to adolescent substances.
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Acknowledgments

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