Unintended health and societal consequences of international travel measures during the COVID-19
Unintended health and societal consequences of international travel measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review
Carmen Klinger, Jacob Burns, Ani Movsisyan, Renke Bialas, Susan L Norris, Julia E Rabe, JAN M STRATIL, Stephana Wabnitz, Eva a S, Ben Verboom, CEOSYS CONSORTIUM, Unintent Health and Societal ConsEQUENCES OF International Travel Measures, During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Industry Overview, Journal of Travel Medicine, Volume 28, ISSUE 7, OCTOBER 2021, HTTPS: // 1093/JTM/JTM/JTM TAAB123
Navbar Mobile Search Filter Filter Search Enter search Enter the navibber search filter search searchAbstract
Background/ goalInternational travel measures to contain pandemic in 2019 are relatively inconvenient non-drug intervention. In order to provide information on such measures (re) implementation, adaptation, mitigation, and cancellation, it is necessary to evaluate not only its effectiveness but also unintended impact.
methodThis field review is intended for existing empirical research on what was expected, what was expected, something unusual, harmful, and other intentional results. I searched for multiple health, non-health, COVID-19 database. The evidence was mapped in comparison with research design, intervention category, and specified outcomes, and discussed in a thorough way.
resultThere are two sem i-experimental research, 2 observing research, 2 mathematical model research, six qualitative research, and four mixed methods. The research targets were various groups from all over the world. Seven research provided information on unexpected results of border closure, six researchs examined international travel restrictions, and three studies were considering forced quarantine of overseas travelers. There was no study that examined only the immigration and exit screening at the border, but six research was examining this intervention in conjunction with other international travel measures. In a total of 11 studies, the above intervention measures are evaluated in various ways. The results have been reported by the authors that most are harmful. Fifteen studies confirmed various economic impacts, and six research reported about the quality of life, happiness, and mental health, and five studies reported on social impacts. One study provides information about fairness, equality, fairness, environmental impact, and health systems in the distribution of benefits and burdens.
overviewThis field review is the first step in systematically evaluating unintended benefits and negative effects during COVID-19 periods. The identified major research gaps could be filled by focused primary surveys and additional surveys in gray documents and i n-proof research.
Background
The new Coronovirus SARS-COV-2 (Coronavirus 2), which is the cause of Coronovirus 2019 (COVID-19), was identified by Wuhan in December 2019 and in March 2020. Since (WHO) has declared a global trend, it has spread to all countries in the world. One drug (NPI) other than 1 drug was a major response to viruses by governments in the first year of Pandemic, but had a great degree of success all over the world. 3-5 NPIs include measures that can be implemented at the individual and group levels (physical removal, face masks, school closures, hand-hygiene, etc.) to suppress the spread of diseases. 6 Among them, measures that are invented to contain the pandemic COVID-19 (hereinafter referred to as “overseas travel measures”) are various combinations from the early pandemic. It has been implemented. The scope varies from relatively no n-invasive, such as immigration and exit at the border, to strict things, such as banning travel and completely closing of borders. 7 The quick Coclan Review is evaluated for the effectiveness of Cavid 19 pandemic, and as a result, some of these measures (certainty is low) from a wide and diverse evidence base (certainty is low. It was suggested that it would work on plus, albeit very low. < SPAN> This field review is the first step in systematically evaluating unintended benefits and negative effects during the COVID-19 period. The identified major research gaps could be filled by focused primary surveys and additional surveys in gray documents and i n-proof research.
The new Coronovirus SARS-COV-2 (Coronavirus 2), which is the cause of Coronovirus 2019 (COVID-19), was identified by Wuhan in December 2019 and in March 2020. Since (WHO) has declared a global trend, it has spread to all countries in the world. One drug (NPI) other than 1 drug was a major response to viruses by governments in the first year of Pandemic, but had a great degree of success all over the world. 3-5 NPIs include measures that can be implemented at the individual and group levels (physical removal, face masks, school closures, hand-hygiene, etc.) to suppress the spread of diseases. 6 Among them, measures that are invented to contain the pandemic COVID-19 (hereinafter referred to as “overseas travel measures”) are various combinations from the early pandemic. It has been implemented. The scope varies from relatively no n-invasive, such as immigration and exit at the border, to strict things, such as banning travel and completely closing of borders. 7 The quick Coclan Review is evaluated for the effectiveness of Cavid 19 pandemic, and as a result, some of these measures (certainty is low) from a wide and diverse evidence base (certainty is low. It was suggested that it would work on plus, albeit very low. This field review is the first step in systematically evaluating unintended benefits and negative effects during COVID-19 periods. The identified major research gaps could be filled by focused primary surveys and additional surveys in gray documents and i n-proof research.
The new Coronovirus SARS-COV-2 (Coronavirus 2), which is the cause of Coronovirus 2019 (COVID-19), was identified by Wuhan in December 2019 and in March 2020. Since (WHO) has declared a global trend, it has spread to all countries in the world. One drug (NPI) other than 1 drug was a major response to viruses by governments in the first year of Pandemic, but had a great degree of success all over the world. 3-5 NPIs include measures that can be implemented at the individual and group levels (physical removal, face masks, school closures, hand-hygiene, etc.) to suppress the spread of diseases. 6 Among them, measures that are invented to contain the pandemic COVID-19 (hereinafter referred to as “overseas travel measures”) are various combinations from the early pandemic. It has been implemented. The scope varies from relatively no n-invasive, such as immigration and exit at the border, to strict things, such as banning travel and completely closing of borders. 7 The quick Coclan Review is evaluated for the effectiveness of Cavid 19 pandemic, and as a result, some of these measures (certainty is low) from a wide and diverse evidence base (certainty is low. It was suggested that it would work on plus, albeit very low.
All social interventions and policy measures are expected to have unanticipated consequences. 9 This is also the case for the Covid-19 NPI. However, the “unintended consequences” of these measures can be considered to include both predictable and unpredictable effects (i. e., negative/harmful), as Turcotte-Tremblay et al. state.
The application of international travel measures directly provides for the right to freedom of movement and therefore limits the enjoyment of many other human rights. 11. 10, 12 Border closures, for example, targeted at travelers from certain countries, can fuel stigma and xenophobia, leading to discrimination and harassment against people (or those perceived to be from) the targeted countries. 13, 14 The potential negative impact of quarantine on mental health is well documented, with the most commonly reported psychological effects including anger, anxiety, boredom, confusion, loneliness, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress. 13-15 Quarantines may also lead to further social consequences, such as food insecurity, reduced access to health care, economic insecurity, interrupted education, and domestic violence. 14 Almost all travel measures, whether intended or as a side effect, may reduce cross-border travel, potentially resulting in negative economic consequences 16 while at the same time potentially resulting in beneficial environmental consequences, such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants associated with long-distance travel. 17, 18 Such unintended consequences reduce cross-border travel, as well as adverse consequences associated with a broader set of policies.
Methods
In many countries, the third wave of SARS-COV-2 infection occurs, 20, universal vaccination in most countries in most countries is still far away, 21, 22, more effective infectious virus subspecies. It is still important to understand the impact and systematic meaning of these measures in order to make further (re) implementation, adaptation, mitigation, and cancellation decisions in the appearance of the appearance. twenty four
Logic model
The purpose of this scoping review is both beneficial and harmful, associated with measures that are devised to control and alleviate COVID-19 pandemic, which affects traveling people across borders. It is to identify empirical evidence about the results and map them. The purpose was to deepen the preliminary understanding of the scope of these results, clarify the research design and methodological approach used in the evaluation, and identify the evidenc e-based gap.
Field review is a relatively new approach to evidence integration and is often implemented as a pr e-systematic review. Field reviews are mainly used to identify the types and amounts of evidence available in a certain field, but clarify the main concepts in the literature and explore how specific topics are being researched. It is also useful for identifying the existing knowledge gap. 25, 26 The protocol of this review is registered as Open Science Framework (OSF. io/7gyxe) and can be obtained with the JTM Online appendix 1 and supplementary data. We reported this review in accordance with the established methodology guidance regarding the implementation of the field review, in accordance with the systematic reviews and the preferred reporting factors (Prisma) for the expansion of metal analysis for the scorping review (appendix 2). < SPAN> In many countries, the third wave of SARS-COV-2 infection occurs, 20, universal vaccination in most countries in most countries, 21, 22, more effective infectious virus It is still important to understand the impact on the wide range of health and systematic meaning of these measures in order to make further (re) implementation, adaptation, relief, and cancellation of the variants. be. twenty fourThe purpose of this scoping review is both beneficial and harmful, associated with measures that are devised to control and alleviate COVID-19 pandemic, which affects traveling people across borders. It is to identify empirical evidence about the results and map them. The purpose was to deepen the preliminary understanding of the scope of these results, clarify the research design and methodological approach used in the evaluation, and identify the evidenc e-based gap.
Criteria for considering studies for this review
Field review is a relatively new approach to evidence integration and is often implemented as a pr e-systematic review. Field reviews are mainly used to identify the types and amounts of evidence available in a certain field, but clarify the main concepts in the literature and explore how specific topics are being researched. It is also useful for identifying the existing knowledge gap. 25, 26 The protocol of this review is registered as Open Science Framework (OSF. io/7gyxe) and can be obtained with the JTM Online appendix 1 and supplementary data. We reported this review in accordance with the established methodology guidance regarding the implementation of the field review, in accordance with the systematic reviews and the preferred reporting factors (Prisma) for the expansion of metal analysis for the scorping review (appendix 2). In many countries, the third wave of SARS-COV-2 infection occurs, 20, universal vaccination in most countries in most countries is still far away, 21, 22, more effective infectious virus subspecies. It is still important to understand the impact and systematic meaning of these measures in order to make further (re) implementation, adaptation, mitigation, and cancellation decisions in the appearance of the appearance. twenty four
The purpose of this scoping review is both beneficial and harmful, associated with measures that are devised to control and alleviate COVID-19 pandemic, which affects traveling people across borders. It is to identify empirical evidence about the results and map them. The purpose was to deepen the preliminary understanding of the scope of these results, clarify the research design and methodological approach used in the evaluation, and identify the evidenc e-based gap.Field review is a relatively new approach of evidence integration and is often implemented as a pr e-systematic review. Field reviews are mainly used to identify the types and amounts of evidence available in a certain field, but clarify the main concepts in the literature and explore how specific topics are being researched. It is also useful for identifying the existing knowledge gap. 25, 26 The protocol of this review is registered as Open Science Framework (OSF. io/7gyxe) and can be obtained with the JTM Online appendix 1 and supplementary data. We reported this review in accordance with the established methodology guidance regarding the implementation of the field review, a systematic review for scorping reviews and a preferred reporting element (Prisma) for expansion of meta analysis (appendix 2).
| . | Syste m-based logic models (Fig. 1) describe how various means of transportation that directly or indirectly affect various groups affect various outcom categories. This review focuses only on outcomes, that is, unintended healthy and social results and adverse effects of these measures. This understanding is two ways to use (i) the use of the logic model 28-30, (II) COVID-19 COVID-19 two frameworks to promote decision-making based on pandemic pandemic. III) It is based on information in the Coclan quick review 32 and (IV) research team in the context of the COVID-19 discussion in the context of travel-related regulation. In particular, the "social and environmental impact" was divided into two separate outcomes categories, and the additional categories of different outcomes called "interaction and the effects of medical systems" were identified. | Figure 1 |
|---|---|---|
| An experimental logic model for overseas travel measures according to the PICO system (group, intervention, comparison, result). | The inclusion and exclusion criteria of this review are summarized in Table 1, and the details are described in the appendix 1. Supplement The data is available at JTM Online. To put it simply, the study targeted is (i) that is published in an academic magazine with pee r-back or a pr e-print server. (II) Report some data in either quantitative research, qualitative research, or mixing method. (III) Focusing on SARS-COV-2/COVID-19. (IV) We are reporting at least one international travel. (v) We provide at least one finding related to one or more unexpected results of these measures. There was no exclusion by language. | Table 1 |
| Review inclusion standards and exclusion standards | Included standards. | Exclude criteria. |
| Type of publications | Papers on academic journals or pr e-printed servers | All other publications including books, book chapters, gray documents |
| Research design | Quantitative research (including mathematical modeling research) -Prupinent research (when qualitative methods are used for both data collection and analysis) -Mramatic methods (ie, as follows). -Span> Syste m-based logic models (Figure 1) explain how various means of transportation that directly or indirectly affect various groups affect various outcomes categories. There is. This review focuses only on outcomes, that is, unintended healthy and social results and adverse effects of these measures. This understanding is two ways to use (i) the use of the logic model 28-30, (II) COVID-19 COVID-19 two frameworks to promote decision-making based on pandemic pandemic. III) It is based on information in the Coclan quick review 32 and (IV) research team in the context of the COVID-19 discussion in the context of travel-related regulation. In particular, the "social and environmental impact" was divided into two separate outcomes categories, and the additional category of different outcomes called "interaction and the effects of medical systems" was identified. | Figure 1 |
| An experimental logic model for overseas travel measures according to the PICO system (group, intervention, comparison, result). | The inclusion and exclusion criteria of this review are summarized in Table 1, and the details are described in the appendix 1. Supplement The data is available at JTM Online. To put it simply, the study targeted is (i) that is published in an academic magazine with pee r-back or a pr e-print server. (II) Report some data in either quantitative research, qualitative research, or mixing method. (III) Focusing on SARS-COV-2/COVID-19. (IV) We are reporting at least one international travel. (v) We provide at least one finding related to one or more unexpected results of these measures. There was no exclusion by language. | Table 1 |
| Review inclusion standards and exclusion standards | Included standards. | N/A |
| . | Syste m-based logic models (Fig. 1) describe how various means of transportation that directly or indirectly affect various groups affect various outcom categories. This review focuses only on outcomes, that is, unintended healthy and social results and adverse effects of these measures. This understanding is two ways to use (i) the use of the logic model 28-30, (II) COVID-19 COVID-19 two frameworks to promote decision-making based on pandemic pandemic. III) It is based on information in the Coclan quick review 32 and (IV) research team in the context of the COVID-19 discussion in the context of travel-related regulation. In particular, the "social and environmental impact" was divided into two separate outcomes categories, and the additional categories of different outcomes called "interaction and the effects of medical systems" were identified. | Figure 1 |
|---|---|---|
| An experimental logic model for overseas travel measures according to the PICO system (group, intervention, comparison, result). | The inclusion and exclusion criteria of this review are summarized in Table 1, and the details are described in the appendix 1. Supplement The data is available at JTM Online. To put it simply, the study targeted is (i) that is published in an academic magazine with pee r-back or a pr e-print server. (II) Report some data in either quantitative research, qualitative research, or mixing method. (III) Focusing on SARS-COV-2/COVID-19. (IV) We are reporting at least one international travel. (v) We provide at least one finding related to one or more unexpected results of these measures. There was no exclusion by language. | Table 1 |
| Review inclusion standards and exclusion standards | Included standards. | Exclude criteria. |
| Type of publications | Papers on academic journals or pr e-printed servers | All other publications including books, book chapters, gray documents |
| Research design | Quantitative research (including mathematical modeling research) -Prupinent research (when qualitative methods are used for both data collection and analysis) -Mramatic methods (ie, as follows). -Span> Syste m-based logic models (Figure 1) explain how various means of transportation that directly or indirectly affect various groups affect various outcomes categories. There is. This review focuses only on outcomes, that is, unintended healthy and social results and adverse effects of these measures. This understanding is two ways to use (i) the use of the logic model 28-30, (II) COVID-19 COVID-19 two frameworks to promote decision-making based on pandemic pandemic. III) It is based on information in the Coclan quick review 32 and (IV) research team in the context of the COVID-19 discussion in the context of travel-related regulation. In particular, the "social and environmental impact" was divided into two separate outcomes categories, and the additional category of different outcomes called "interaction and the effects of medical systems" was identified. | Figure 1 |
| An experimental logic model for overseas travel measures according to the PICO system (group, intervention, comparison, result). | The inclusion and exclusion criteria of this review are summarized in Table 1, and the details are described in the appendix 1. Supplement The data is available at JTM Online. To put it simply, the study targeted is (i) that is published in an academic magazine with pee r-back or a pr e-print server. (II) Report some data in either quantitative research, qualitative research, or mixing method. (III) Focusing on SARS-COV-2/COVID-19. (IV) We are reporting at least one international travel. (v) We provide at least one finding related to one or more unexpected results of these measures. There was no exclusion by language. | Table 1 |
| Review inclusion standards and exclusion standards | Included standards. | N/A |
Field review is a relatively new approach of evidence integration and is often implemented as a pr e-systematic review. Field reviews are mainly used to identify the types and amounts of evidence available in a certain field, but clarify the main concepts in the literature and explore how specific topics are being researched. It is also useful for identifying the existing knowledge gap. 25, 26 The protocol of this review is registered as Open Science Framework (OSF. io/7gyxe) and can be obtained with the JTM Online appendix 1 and supplementary data. We reported this review in accordance with the established methodology guidance regarding the implementation of the field review, a systematic review for scorping reviews and a preferred reporting element (Prisma) for expansion of meta analysis (appendix 2).
| . | Syste m-based logic models (Fig. 1) describe how various means of transportation that directly or indirectly affect various groups affect various outcom categories. This review focuses only on outcomes, that is, unintended healthy and social results and adverse effects of these measures. This understanding is two ways to use (i) the use of the logic model 28-30, (II) COVID-19 COVID-19 two frameworks to promote decision-making based on pandemic pandemic. III) It is based on information in the Coclan quick review 32 and (IV) research team in the context of the COVID-19 discussion in the context of travel-related regulation. In particular, the "social and environmental impact" was divided into two separate outcomes categories, and the additional categories of different outcomes called "interaction and the effects of medical systems" were identified. | Figure 1 |
|---|---|---|
| An experimental logic model for overseas travel measures according to the PICO system (group, intervention, comparison, result). | The inclusion and exclusion criteria of this review are summarized in Table 1, and the details are described in the appendix 1. Supplement The data is available at JTM Online. To put it simply, the study targeted is (i) that is published in an academic magazine with pee r-back or a pr e-print server. (II) Report some data in either quantitative research, qualitative research, or mixing method. (III) Focusing on SARS-COV-2/COVID-19. (IV) We are reporting at least one international travel. (v) We provide at least one finding related to one or more unexpected results of these measures. There was no exclusion by language. | Table 1 |
| Review inclusion standards and exclusion standards | Included standards. | Exclude criteria. |
| Type of publications | Papers on academic journals or pr e-printed servers | All other publications including books, book chapters, gray documents |
| Research design | Quantitative research (including mathematical modeling research) -Prupinent research (when qualitative methods are used for both data collection and analysis) -Mramatic methods (ie, as follows). -Span> Syste m-based logic models (Figure 1) explain how various means of transportation that directly or indirectly affect various groups affect various outcomes categories. There is. This review focuses only on outcomes, that is, unintended healthy and social results and adverse effects of these measures. This understanding is two ways to use (i) the use of the logic model 28-30, (II) COVID-19 COVID-19 two frameworks to promote decision-making based on pandemic pandemic. III) It is based on information in the Coclan quick review 32 and (IV) research team in the context of the COVID-19 discussion in the context of travel-related regulation. In particular, the "social and environmental impact" was divided into two separate outcomes categories, and the additional category of different outcomes called "interaction and the effects of medical systems" was identified. | Figure 1 |
| An experimental logic model for overseas travel measures according to the PICO system (group, intervention, comparison, result). | The inclusion and exclusion criteria of this review are summarized in Table 1, and the details are described in the appendix 1. Supplement The data is available at JTM Online. To put it simply, the study targeted is (i) that is published in an academic magazine with pee r-back or a pr e-print server. (II) Report some data in either quantitative research, qualitative research, or mixing method. (III) Focusing on SARS-COV-2/COVID-19. (IV) We are reporting at least one international travel. (v) We provide at least one finding related to one or more unexpected results of these measures. There was no exclusion by language. | Table 1 |
| Review inclusion standards and exclusion standards | Included standards. | N/A |
| . | Syste m-based logic models (Fig. 1) describe how various means of transportation that directly or indirectly affect various groups affect various outcom categories. This review focuses only on outcomes, that is, unintended healthy and social results and adverse effects of these measures. This understanding is two ways to use (i) the use of the logic model 28-30, (II) COVID-19 COVID-19 two frameworks to promote decision-making based on pandemic pandemic. III) It is based on information in the Coclan quick review 32 and (IV) research team in the context of the COVID-19 discussion in the context of travel-related regulation. In particular, the "social and environmental impact" was divided into two separate outcomes categories, and the additional categories of different outcomes called "interaction and the effects of medical systems" were identified. | Figure 1 |
|---|---|---|
| An experimental logic model for overseas travel measures according to the PICO system (group, intervention, comparison, result). | The inclusion and exclusion criteria of this review are summarized in Table 1, and the details are described in the appendix 1. Supplement The data is available at JTM Online. To put it simply, the study targeted is (i) that is published in an academic magazine with pee r-back or a pr e-print server. (II) Report some data in either quantitative research, qualitative research, or mixing method. (III) Focusing on SARS-COV-2/COVID-19. (IV) We are reporting at least one international travel. (v) We provide at least one finding related to one or more unexpected results of these measures. There was no exclusion by language. | Table 1 |
| Review inclusion standards and exclusion standards | Included standards. | Exclude criteria. |
| Type of publications | Papers on academic journals or pr e-printed servers | All other publications including books, book chapters, gray documents |
| Research design | Quantitative research (including mathematical modeling research) -Prupinent research (when qualitative methods are used for both data collection and analysis) -Mramatic methods (ie, as follows). -Span> Syste m-based logic models (Figure 1) explain how various means of transportation that directly or indirectly affect various groups affect various outcomes categories. There is. This review focuses only on outcomes, that is, unintended healthy and social results and adverse effects of these measures. This understanding is two ways to use (i) the use of the logic model 28-30, (II) COVID-19 COVID-19 two frameworks to promote decision-making based on pandemic pandemic. III) It is based on information in the Coclan quick review 32 and (IV) research team in the context of the COVID-19 discussion in the context of travel-related regulation. In particular, the "social and environmental impact" was divided into two separate outcomes categories, and the additional category of different outcomes called "interaction and the effects of medical systems" was identified. | Figure 1 |
| An experimental logic model for overseas travel measures according to the PICO system (group, intervention, comparison, result). | The inclusion and exclusion criteria of this review are summarized in Table 1, and the details are described in the appendix 1. Supplement The data is available at JTM Online. To put it simply, the study targeted is (i) that is published in an academic magazine with pee r-back or a pr e-print server. (II) Report some data in either quantitative research, qualitative research, or mixing method. (III) Focusing on SARS-COV-2/COVID-19. (IV) We are reporting at least one international travel. (v) We provide at least one finding related to one or more unexpected results of these measures. There was no exclusion by language. | Table 1 |
| Review inclusion standards and exclusion standards | Included standards. | N/A |
Identification of relevant studies
Quantitative research (including mathematical modeling research) -Procured research (when qualitative methods are used for both data collection and analysis) -Mramus method research (that is, qualitative elements and quantitative elements. Research) -Aall any research design that reports primary experience data.
No n-experimental works such as editorials, commentary, essays, blogs, reports, etc. And literary criticism (whether or not systematic)
Data collection and analysis
Selection of studies
Healthy state
Study of control means related to overseas travel to prevent or control SARS-COV-2/COVID-19
Extraction and charting of data
All other viruses, diseases, status (except when studying in parallel with SARS-COV-2/COVID-19)
Collation, summary and reporting of results
Inspiratory works such as intervening species, commentary, essays, blogs, reports, etc. And literature criticism (whether or not systematic)
Healthy state
Results
Search results
Research on control measures related to overseas travel to prevent or control SARS-COV-2/COVID-19
All other viruses, diseases, status (excluding those studied in parallel with SARS-COV-2/COVID-19)Type of intervention
Description of included studies
Border closur e-International travel restrictions (including other attempts to reduce travel beyond borders by air, land, and sea routes) --Noting to reduce travel to borders) --N o-depths (questionnaire, questionnaire, body) Inspection, body temperature management, inspection, passive observation, etc.)
-Something between travel measures and other intervention measures (except when the effects of travel measures can be separated) --Measures related to travel in Japan (that is, no n-borders) -Measures to limit animals or itemsresult
| Report of unintended results (at least one) of trave l-related regulation measures (at least one) is defined as "positive or negative impact, not part of the intended results that are expected to achieve desirable results." 。 | -At intended result of intervention and intended intermediate results (that is, part of the chain of hypothetical causal relationships). | language | All languages | Include standards. | Exclude standards. | Type of publications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Papers on the reciprocated journal or pr e-print server | All other publications including books, book chapters, gray documents | Research design | Quantitative research (including mathematical modeling research) -Procured research (when qualitative methods are used for both data collection and analysis) -Mramus method research (that is, qualitative elements and quantitative elements. Research) -Aall any research design that reports primary experience data. | No n-experimental works such as editorials, commentary, essays, blogs, reports, etc. And literary criticism (whether or not systematic) | Healthy state | Study of control means related to overseas travel to prevent or control SARS-COV-2/COVID-19 |
| All other viruses, diseases, status (except when studying in parallel with SARS-COV-2/COVID-19) | Type of intervention | Border closur e-International travel restrictions (restricted in the target, refusal to travel permit, all other efforts to reduce travel across borders, or maritime) -Arom delivery or departure (questionnaire, question slip, Physical tests, body temperature tests, tests, passive observations, etc.) | -Something between travel measures and other intervention measures (except when the effects of travel measures can be separated) -Measures for travel in Japan (no n-border) -Measures to restrict animals or goods. | result | We will report at least one unintentional result of trave l-related regulation measures. This is defined as a positive or negative effect, not a part of the intended result or a part of the intervention method that is expected to achieve desirable results. | -A expected intervention results-desirable intermediate results (that is, part of the assumed causal relationship chain). |
| language | All languages | Table 1 | Review inclusion standards and exclusion standards | Included standards. | Exclusion criteria | Type of publications |
| Paper on academic journals or pr e-printed servers | All other publications including books, book chapters, gray documents | Research design | Quantitative research (including mathematical modeling research) --Attimony research (when qualitative methods are used for both data collection and analysis) --Mramatic method research (Example .-) | Transi t-related measures in the following categories, or their combinations: -The border closur e-international travel restrictions (all efforts to reduce travel beyond borders, or marine, or marine, or marine. (Including) -Mover or departure (questionnaire, physical examination, body temperature tests, tests, passive observations, etc.) | -Something between travel measures and other intervention measures (except when the effects of travel measures can be separated) --Measures related to travel in Japan (that is, no n-borders) -Measures to limit animals or items | Results < Span> Border closur e-International travel restrictions (including restrictions on immigration, rejection of travel permit, all other efforts to reduce travel beyond borders, or maritime) -Arom delivery or departure (Questionnaire, physical examination, body temperature test, inspection, passive observation, etc.) |
| -Something between travel measures and other intervention measures (except when the effects of travel measures can be separated) -Measures for travel in Japan (no n-border) -Measures to restrict animals or goods. | result | We will report at least one unintentional result of trave l-related regulation measures. This is defined as a positive or negative effect, not a part of the intended result or a part of the intervention method that is expected to achieve desirable results. | -A expected intervention results-desirable intermediate results (that is, part of the assumed causal relationship chain). | language | All languages | Table 1 |
| Review inclusion standards and exclusion standards | Included standards. | Exclusion criteria | Type of publications | Paper on academic journals or pr e-printed servers | All other publications including books, book chapters, gray documents | Research design |
| Quantitative research (including mathematical modeling research) --Attimony research (when qualitative methods are used for both data collection and analysis) --Mramatic method research (Example .-) | Transi t-related measures in the following categories, or their combinations: -The border closur e-international travel restrictions (all efforts to reduce travel beyond borders, or marine, or marine, or marine. (Including) -Mover or departure (questionnaire, physical examination, body temperature tests, tests, passive observations, etc.) | -Something between travel measures and other intervention measures (except when the effects of travel measures can be separated) --Measures related to travel in Japan (that is, no n-borders) -Measures to limit animals or items | As a resul t-international travel restriction s-international travel restrictions (exclusive immigration restrictions, rejection of travel permit, all other efforts to reduce travel across borders, or maritime (including sea)) , Physical tests, body temperature tests, tests, passive observations, etc.) | -Something between travel measures and other intervention measures (except when the effects of travel measures can be separated) -Measures for travel in Japan (no n-border) -Measures to restrict animals or goods. | result | We will report at least one unintentional result of trave l-related regulation measures. This is defined as a positive or negative effect, not a part of the intended result or a part of the intervention method that is expected to achieve desirable results. |
| -A expected intervention results-desirable intermediate results (that is, part of the assumed causal relationship chain). | language | All languages | Table 1 | Review inclusion standards and exclusion standards | Included standards. | Exclusion criteria |
| Type of publications | Paper on academic journals or pr e-printed servers | All other publications including books, book chapters, gray documents | Research design | Quantitative research (including mathematical modeling research) --Attimony research (when qualitative methods are used for both data collection and analysis) --Mramatic method research (eg .- | Transi t-related measures in the following categories, or their combinations: -The border closur e-international travel restrictions (all efforts to reduce travel beyond borders, or marine, or marine, or marine. (Including) -Mover or departure (questionnaire, physical examination, body temperature tests, tests, passive observations, etc.) | -Something between travel measures and other intervention measures (except when the effects of travel measures can be separated) --Measures related to travel in Japan (that is, no n-borders) -Measures to limit animals or items |
| result | Report of unintended results (at least one) of trave l-related regulation measures (at least one) is defined as "positive or negative impact, not part of the intended results that are expected to achieve desirable results." 。 | -At intended result of intervention and intended intermediate results (that is, part of the chain of hypothetical causal relationships). | language | All languages | Specializing in the following general databases and COVID-19 with the aim of containing at least one database that covers each field of medicine, psychology, sociology, economics, and environmental science on December 12, 2020. Search for the database: Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Business Source Complete, Greenfile, APA PSYCINFO, Web of Science-SSCI, COCH RANE COVID-19 Study Register (https: // covid-19. COCHRANE. ORG/), WHO GLOBAL LITERATURE ON CORONAVIRUS DISEASE DATABASE (https: // Search. There is 019-ncov/). | The original search strategy was created for OVID MedLine and was adapted for other databases (appendix 3, supplementary data can be obtained in JTM online). 関連する 96 のレビュー、コメント、考察論文のレトロスペクティブな引用文献検索（付録 4、補足データは JTM オンラインで入手可能）、すべての研究の後方および前方参照文献検索（Web of Science、Microsoft Academic、Google Scholar Was performed) and contacted experts and research authors about missing information. |
| After deleting the duplication, reviewing the title and abstract with two people (BV, CK, KW, JB, Jer, RB, SV), all of the most obvious hypotheses are necessary or necessary. Discussed within a wider review team. In the review stage of the title / abstract, all studies determined to be relevant or ambiguous, two reviews overlapped (AM, BV, CK, KW, KW). , JB, Jer, RB, SLN, SV). The discrepancy was discussed by the two reviewers, and in case of ambiguous, discussions were discussed with the third reviewer and / or a greater review team. At this stage, the final decision of the incorporation was made, and the exclusion reason was documented. | Endnote was used to collect records and manage the decon volumes. I used the Rayyan web application (https: // rayyan. Qcri. org/) to browse the title and abstract. | One reviewer (CK) extracted and mapped data on study characteristics, settings and settings, populations, interventions, and outcomes from all included studies using a customized data extraction form in Microsoft Excel. The extraction form (Appendix 5, Supplementary Data available in JTM Online) was pilot tested by the review team with four studies, then discussed and revised as necessary. One reviewer (JMS) reviewed all extracted data. The reviewer (CK) linked, summarized, and reported the extracted data in narrative, graphical, and tabular form based on the following predefined and inductively tailored categories of unintended outcomes: (i) “quality of life, well-being, and mental health”, (ii) “physical health, health behaviors, health risks, and health beyond Covid-19”, (iii) “equity, equity, and fair distribution of benefits and burdens”, (iv) “societal impacts”, (v) “environmental impacts”, (vi) “economic outcomes”, and (vii) “health system outcomes” (see Figure 1). | First, we considered an overview of each study’s design, setting and framework, population, intervention, and outcomes. We then presented our findings in the form of a graphical evidence map, and each cell of the map (each representing a specific intervention category and occupation combination) was filled with descriptive information about the number and type of studies, if any, that had examined that intervention-outcome pair. This is followed by a summary of the findings reported by the study authors, including outcome estimates where available. | The database search yielded 7392 unique post-abduction records. After inspection of titles and abstracts, 299 articles were retained for full-text review. An additional 25 records identified by searching reference lists of previous reviews and 43 records identified by forward and backward reference searches of included studies were added, bringing the total number of full-text records reviewed to 367. Of these, 23 studies met the inclusion criteria (19 journal articles and 4 preprints). Studies excluded and the reasons for their exclusion are listed in Appendix 6, and supplementary data are available in JTM online. | Figure 2 | Prisma flow chart. |
| This section briefly shows the outline of the research design, settings and backgrounds, groups, interventions, and outcomes. Table 2 is also summarized in the characteristics of individual research. | Table 2 | If one study reports multiple groups, interventions and/ or outsits, the scenario to which we belong to is described in alphabetical order (A, B, C, ...). | Research identity | Research design and method. | Settings and backgrounds. | Group. |
| Travel management measures. | Result. | Note. | Abyen (2020) 42 | Study (observing) Research regression analysis of synchronous survival data on SME survival rate | Countries applied to measures: Countries restricted by unhearded measures: Unpoded means: Not identified | Target group: Unlone survey target group: 261 small and mediu m-sized business owners in Aveocta (Nigeria), Ogun |
| International travel restriction explanation: International travel restrictions and international travel restrictions (no further definitions) implementation: Not reported | Economic Subconception: SME survival tracking period: Not reported | Research period: Not reported coi: Unpoded fund procurement: Not reported | π. χ. (2020) 52 | Mixing method (consideration only for quantitative elements) Contents: N = 441's simultaneous investigation data and mixed research based on the theme analysis of key informant interviews | Measures Country Nepal restricted Country India Travel Form Land Route | Targets: Return immigration surveys from India who enter the Calnari prefecture in Nepali: 441 returning residents at various quarantine centers in Sulks (18-36 years old 63. 9 %, 90 % are workers, 2 % are high Education (12 degrees), 93 % is less than $ 200 per month) |
| Isolation or (self) Description (Self) At a quarantine station in western Nepal, it has not been reported for at least 14 days of quarantine after entering the Carnari area. | Outcam 1: Anxiety Outcom 2: Depression Tracking period: Not reported. | Research period: April 12 to May 15, 2020 C o-research: "All authors declare that there is no competitive interests." Funds "This research is Nepal, Calanari, and the Ministry of Social Development. (MOSD) provided funds. Table 2 is also summarized in the characteristics of individual research. | Table 2 | Review inclusion standards and exclusion standards | Research identity | Research design and method. |
| Settings and backgrounds. | Group. | Travel management measures. | Result. | Note. | Abyen (2020) 42 | Study of control means related to overseas travel to prevent or control SARS-COV-2/COVID-19 |
| Countries applied to measures: Countries restricted by unhearded measures: Unpoded means: Not identified | Target group: Unlone survey target group: 261 small and mediu m-sized business owners in Aveocta (Nigeria), Ogun | International travel restriction explanation: International travel restrictions and international travel restrictions (no further definitions) implementation: Not reported | Economic Subconception: SME survival tracking period: Not reported | Research period: Not reported coi: Unpoded fund procurement: Not reported | π. χ. (2020) 52 | Mixing method (consideration only for quantitative elements) Contents: N = 441's simultaneous investigation data and mixed research based on the theme analysis of key informant interviews |
| Measures Country Nepal restricted Country India Travel Form Land Route | Targets: Return immigration surveys from India who enter the Calnari prefecture in Nepali: 441 returning residents at various quarantine centers in Sulks (18-36 years old 63. 9 %, 90 % are workers, 2 % are high Education (12 degrees), 93 % is less than $ 200 per month) | Isolation or (self) Description (Self) At a quarantine station in western Nepal, it has not been reported for at least 14 days of quarantine after entering the Carnari area. | Outcam 1: Anxiety Outcom 2: Depression Tracking period: Not reported. | Research period: April 12 to May 15, 2020 C o-research: "All authors declare that there is no competitive interests." Funds "This research is Nepal, Calanari, and the Ministry of Social Development. (MOSD) provided funds. "In this section, we will briefly show the research design, background, intervening, and outcomes. Table 2 is also summarized in the characteristics of individual research. | Table 2 | If one study reports multiple groups, interventions and/ or outsits, the scenario to which we belong to is described in alphabetical order (A, B, C, ...). |
| Research identity | Research design and method. | Research design | Group. | Travel management measures. | Result. | Note. |
| Abyen (2020) 42 | Study (observing) Research regression analysis of synchronous survival data on SME survival rate | Countries applied to measures: Countries restricted by unhearded measures: Unpoded means: Not identified | Target group: Unlone survey target group: 261 small and mediu m-sized business owners in Aveocta (Nigeria), Ogun | International travel restriction explanation: International travel restrictions and international travel restrictions (no further definitions) implementation: Not reported | Economic Subconception: SME survival tracking period: Not reported | Research period: Not reported coi: Unpoded fund procurement: Not reported |
| π. χ. (2020) 52 | Mixing method (consideration only for quantitative elements) Contents: N = 441's simultaneous investigation data and mixed research based on the theme analysis of key informant interviews | Measures Country Nepal restricted Country India Travel Form Land Route | Targets: Return immigration surveys from India who enter the Calnari prefecture in Nepali: 441 returning residents at various quarantine centers in Sulks (18-36 years old 63. 9 %, 90 % are workers, 2 % are high Education (12 degrees), 93 % is less than $ 200 per month) | International travel restriction explanation: International travel restrictions and international travel restrictions (no further definitions) implementation: Not reported | Outcam 1: Anxiety Outcom 2: Depression Tracking period: Not reported. | Research period: April 12 to May 15, 2020 C o-research: "All authors declare that there is no competitive interests." Funds "This research is Nepal, Calanari, and the Ministry of Social Development. (MOSD) received funds. |
| Bombelli (2020) 33 | Study (observing) Research regression analysis of synchronous survival data on SME survival rate | Countries applied to measures: Countries restricted by unhearded measures: Unpoded means: Not identified | Target group: Unlone survey target group: 261 small and mediu m-sized business owners in Aveocta (Nigeria), Ogun | International travel restriction explanation: International travel restrictions and international travel restrictions (no further definitions) implementation: Not reported | Economic Effect (A & B): Aviation freight transport capacity (AFT = available cargo ton) monitoring period: January 31, 202 0-June 2018 (A), no report | Survey period: November 20, 201 9-June 2020 coi: Not reported: Not reported |
| Cetin (2020) 34 | Quantitative (sem i-experimental) Research contents: intermittent analysis of vertical stock market data of the Turkish Stock Exchange | Countries that apply to measures: No n-reported (it is unknown whether the measure refers to inbound or outbound travel restrictions) Measures: Not reported (measures are inbound or outbound travel restriction status) Unknown travel has not been identified | Target group: Unpathed research group: Turkish stock market | Explanation of combinations A certain area (and not identified) -The entire border in all regions is closed or prohibited date: Not identified | Economic results 1: Economic market performance (Turk's most important stock market index (BIST-100) closing price, stock price, low price, maximum measurement) Economic results 2: Economic/ Corporate Market Management Index (Turkish Market Management Index ( Measured by PMI)) Monitoring period: Not listed2Survey period: March 23, 2020 COI: Funds have not been reported: No report | Ginei (2020) 53 < Span> Bomberi (2020) 33 |
| Report of unintended results (at least one) of trave l-related regulation measures (at least one) is defined as "positive or negative impact, not part of the intended results that are expected to achieve desirable results." 。 | -At intended result of intervention and intended intermediate results (that is, part of the chain of hypothetical causal relationships). | language | All languages | Include standards. | Exclude standards. | Type of publications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Papers on the reciprocated journal or pr e-print server | All other publications including books, book chapters, gray documents | Research design | Quantitative research (including mathematical modeling research) -Procured research (when qualitative methods are used for both data collection and analysis) -Mramus method research (that is, qualitative elements and quantitative elements. Research) -Aall any research design that reports primary experience data. | No n-experimental works such as editorials, commentary, essays, blogs, reports, etc. And literary criticism (whether or not systematic) | Healthy state | Study of control means related to overseas travel to prevent or control SARS-COV-2/COVID-19 |
| All other viruses, diseases, status (except when studying in parallel with SARS-COV-2/COVID-19) | Type of intervention | Border closur e-International travel restrictions (restricted in the target, refusal to travel permit, all other efforts to reduce travel across borders, or maritime) -Arom delivery or departure (questionnaire, question slip, Physical tests, body temperature tests, tests, passive observations, etc.) | -Something between travel measures and other intervention measures (except when the effects of travel measures can be separated) -Measures for travel in Japan (no n-border) -Measures to restrict animals or goods. | result | We will report at least one unintentional result of trave l-related regulation measures. This is defined as a positive or negative effect, not a part of the intended result or a part of the intervention method that is expected to achieve desirable results. | -A expected intervention results-desirable intermediate results (that is, part of the assumed causal relationship chain). |
| language | All languages | Table 1 | Review inclusion standards and exclusion standards | Included standards. | Exclusion criteria | Type of publications |
| Paper on academic journals or pr e-printed servers | All other publications including books, book chapters, gray documents | Research design | Quantitative research (including mathematical modeling research) --Attimony research (when qualitative methods are used for both data collection and analysis) --Mramatic method research (Example .-) | Transi t-related measures in the following categories, or their combinations: -The border closur e-international travel restrictions (all efforts to reduce travel beyond borders, or marine, or marine, or marine. (Including) -Mover or departure (questionnaire, physical examination, body temperature tests, tests, passive observations, etc.) | -Something between travel measures and other intervention measures (except when the effects of travel measures can be separated) --Measures related to travel in Japan (that is, no n-borders) -Measures to limit animals or items | Results < Span> Border closur e-International travel restrictions (including restrictions on immigration, rejection of travel permit, all other efforts to reduce travel beyond borders, or maritime) -Arom delivery or departure (Questionnaire, physical examination, body temperature test, inspection, passive observation, etc.) |
| -Something between travel measures and other intervention measures (except when the effects of travel measures can be separated) -Measures for travel in Japan (no n-border) -Measures to restrict animals or goods. | result | We will report at least one unintentional result of trave l-related regulation measures. This is defined as a positive or negative effect, not a part of the intended result or a part of the intervention method that is expected to achieve desirable results. | -A expected intervention results-desirable intermediate results (that is, part of the assumed causal relationship chain). | language | All languages | Table 1 |
| Review inclusion standards and exclusion standards | Included standards. | Exclusion criteria | Type of publications | Paper on academic journals or pr e-printed servers | All other publications including books, book chapters, gray documents | Research design |
| Quantitative research (including mathematical modeling research) --Attimony research (when qualitative methods are used for both data collection and analysis) --Mramatic method research (Example .-) | Transi t-related measures in the following categories, or their combinations: -The border closur e-international travel restrictions (all efforts to reduce travel beyond borders, or marine, or marine, or marine. (Including) -Mover or departure (questionnaire, physical examination, body temperature tests, tests, passive observations, etc.) | -Something between travel measures and other intervention measures (except when the effects of travel measures can be separated) --Measures related to travel in Japan (that is, no n-borders) -Measures to limit animals or items | As a resul t-international travel restriction s-international travel restrictions (exclusive immigration restrictions, rejection of travel permit, all other efforts to reduce travel across borders, or maritime (including sea)) , Physical tests, body temperature tests, tests, passive observations, etc.) | -Something between travel measures and other intervention measures (except when the effects of travel measures can be separated) -Measures for travel in Japan (no n-border) -Measures to restrict animals or goods. | result | We will report at least one unintentional result of trave l-related regulation measures. This is defined as a positive or negative effect, not a part of the intended result or a part of the intervention method that is expected to achieve desirable results. |
| -A expected intervention results-desirable intermediate results (that is, part of the assumed causal relationship chain). | language | All languages | Table 1 | Review inclusion standards and exclusion standards | Included standards. | Exclusion criteria |
| Type of publications | Paper on academic journals or pr e-printed servers | All other publications including books, book chapters, gray documents | Research design | Quantitative research (including mathematical modeling research) --Attimony research (when qualitative methods are used for both data collection and analysis) --Mramatic method research (eg .- | Transi t-related measures in the following categories, or their combinations: -The border closur e-international travel restrictions (all efforts to reduce travel beyond borders, or marine, or marine, or marine. (Including) -Mover or departure (questionnaire, physical examination, body temperature tests, tests, passive observations, etc.) | -Something between travel measures and other intervention measures (except when the effects of travel measures can be separated) --Measures related to travel in Japan (that is, no n-borders) -Measures to limit animals or items |
| result | Report of unintended results (at least one) of trave l-related regulation measures (at least one) is defined as "positive or negative impact, not part of the intended results that are expected to achieve desirable results." 。 | -At intended result of intervention and intended intermediate results (that is, part of the chain of hypothetical causal relationships). | language | All languages | Specializing in the following general databases and COVID-19 with the aim of containing at least one database that covers each field of medicine, psychology, sociology, economics, and environmental science on December 12, 2020. Search for the database: Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Business Source Complete, Greenfile, APA PSYCINFO, Web of Science-SSCI, COCH RANE COVID-19 Study Register (https: // covid-19. COCHRANE. ORG/), WHO GLOBAL LITERATURE ON CORONAVIRUS DISEASE DATABASE (https: // Search. There is 019-ncov/). | The original search strategy was created for OVID MedLine and was adapted for other databases (appendix 3, supplementary data can be obtained in JTM online). 関連する 96 のレビュー、コメント、考察論文のレトロスペクティブな引用文献検索（付録 4、補足データは JTM オンラインで入手可能）、すべての研究の後方および前方参照文献検索（Web of Science、Microsoft Academic、Google Scholar Was performed) and contacted experts and research authors about missing information. |
| After deleting the duplication, reviewing the title and abstract with two people (BV, CK, KW, JB, Jer, RB, SV), all of the most obvious hypotheses are necessary or necessary. Discussed within a wider review team. In the review stage of the title / abstract, all studies determined to be relevant or ambiguous, two reviews overlapped (AM, BV, CK, KW, KW). , JB, Jer, RB, SLN, SV). The discrepancy was discussed by the two reviewers, and in case of ambiguous, discussions were discussed with the third reviewer and / or a greater review team. At this stage, the final decision of the incorporation was made, and the exclusion reason was documented. | Endnote was used to collect records and manage the decon volumes. I used the Rayyan web application (https: // rayyan. Qcri. org/) to browse the title and abstract. | One reviewer (CK) extracted and mapped data on study characteristics, settings and settings, populations, interventions, and outcomes from all included studies using a customized data extraction form in Microsoft Excel. The extraction form (Appendix 5, Supplementary Data available in JTM Online) was pilot tested by the review team with four studies, then discussed and revised as necessary. One reviewer (JMS) reviewed all extracted data. The reviewer (CK) linked, summarized, and reported the extracted data in narrative, graphical, and tabular form based on the following predefined and inductively tailored categories of unintended outcomes: (i) “quality of life, well-being, and mental health”, (ii) “physical health, health behaviors, health risks, and health beyond Covid-19”, (iii) “equity, equity, and fair distribution of benefits and burdens”, (iv) “societal impacts”, (v) “environmental impacts”, (vi) “economic outcomes”, and (vii) “health system outcomes” (see Figure 1). | First, we considered an overview of each study’s design, setting and framework, population, intervention, and outcomes. We then presented our findings in the form of a graphical evidence map, and each cell of the map (each representing a specific intervention category and occupation combination) was filled with descriptive information about the number and type of studies, if any, that had examined that intervention-outcome pair. This is followed by a summary of the findings reported by the study authors, including outcome estimates where available. | The database search yielded 7392 unique post-abduction records. After inspection of titles and abstracts, 299 articles were retained for full-text review. An additional 25 records identified by searching reference lists of previous reviews and 43 records identified by forward and backward reference searches of included studies were added, bringing the total number of full-text records reviewed to 367. Of these, 23 studies met the inclusion criteria (19 journal articles and 4 preprints). Studies excluded and the reasons for their exclusion are listed in Appendix 6, and supplementary data are available in JTM online. | Figure 2 | Prisma flow chart. |
| This section briefly shows the outline of the research design, settings and backgrounds, groups, interventions, and outcomes. Table 2 is also summarized in the characteristics of individual research. | Table 2 | If one study reports multiple groups, interventions and/ or outsits, the scenario to which we belong to is described in alphabetical order (A, B, C, ...). | Research identity | Research design and method. | Settings and backgrounds. | Group. |
| Travel management measures. | Result. | Note. | Abyen (2020) 42 | Study (observing) Research regression analysis of synchronous survival data on SME survival rate | Countries applied to measures: Countries restricted by unhearded measures: Unpoded means: Not identified | Target group: Unlone survey target group: 261 small and mediu m-sized business owners in Aveocta (Nigeria), Ogun |
| International travel restriction explanation: International travel restrictions and international travel restrictions (no further definitions) implementation: Not reported | Economic Subconception: SME survival tracking period: Not reported | Research period: Not reported coi: Unpoded fund procurement: Not reported | π. χ. (2020) 52 | Mixing method (consideration only for quantitative elements) Contents: N = 441's simultaneous investigation data and mixed research based on the theme analysis of key informant interviews | Measures Country Nepal restricted Country India Travel Form Land Route | Targets: Return immigration surveys from India who enter the Calnari prefecture in Nepali: 441 returning residents at various quarantine centers in Sulks (18-36 years old 63. 9 %, 90 % are workers, 2 % are high Education (12 degrees), 93 % is less than $ 200 per month) |
| Isolation or (self) Description (Self) At a quarantine station in western Nepal, it has not been reported for at least 14 days of quarantine after entering the Carnari area. | Outcam 1: Anxiety Outcom 2: Depression Tracking period: Not reported. | Research period: April 12 to May 15, 2020 C o-research: "All authors declare that there is no competitive interests." Funds "This research is Nepal, Calanari, and the Ministry of Social Development. (MOSD) provided funds. Table 2 is also summarized in the characteristics of individual research. | Table 2 | Review inclusion standards and exclusion standards | Research identity | Research design and method. |
| Settings and backgrounds. | Group. | Travel management measures. | Result. | Note. | Abyen (2020) 42 | Study of control means related to overseas travel to prevent or control SARS-COV-2/COVID-19 |
| Countries applied to measures: Countries restricted by unhearded measures: Unpoded means: Not identified | Target group: Unlone survey target group: 261 small and mediu m-sized business owners in Aveocta (Nigeria), Ogun | International travel restriction explanation: International travel restrictions and international travel restrictions (no further definitions) implementation: Not reported | Economic Subconception: SME survival tracking period: Not reported | Research period: Not reported coi: Unpoded fund procurement: Not reported | π. χ. (2020) 52 | Mixing method (consideration only for quantitative elements) Contents: N = 441's simultaneous investigation data and mixed research based on the theme analysis of key informant interviews |
| Measures Country Nepal restricted Country India Travel Form Land Route | Targets: Return immigration surveys from India who enter the Calnari prefecture in Nepali: 441 returning residents at various quarantine centers in Sulks (18-36 years old 63. 9 %, 90 % are workers, 2 % are high Education (12 degrees), 93 % is less than $ 200 per month) | Isolation or (self) Description (Self) At a quarantine station in western Nepal, it has not been reported for at least 14 days of quarantine after entering the Carnari area. | Outcam 1: Anxiety Outcom 2: Depression Tracking period: Not reported. | Research period: April 12 to May 15, 2020 C o-research: "All authors declare that there is no competitive interests." Funds "This research is Nepal, Calanari, and the Ministry of Social Development. (MOSD) provided funds. "In this section, we will briefly show the research design, background, intervening, and outcomes. Table 2 is also summarized in the characteristics of individual research. | Table 2 | If one study reports multiple groups, interventions and/ or outsits, the scenario to which we belong to is described in alphabetical order (A, B, C, ...). |
| Research identity | Research design and method. | Research design | Group. | Travel management measures. | Result. | Note. |
| Abyen (2020) 42 | Study (observing) Research regression analysis of synchronous survival data on SME survival rate | Countries applied to measures: Countries restricted by unhearded measures: Unpoded means: Not identified | Target group: Unlone survey target group: 261 small and mediu m-sized business owners in Aveocta (Nigeria), Ogun | International travel restriction explanation: International travel restrictions and international travel restrictions (no further definitions) implementation: Not reported | Economic Subconception: SME survival tracking period: Not reported | Research period: Not reported coi: Unpoded fund procurement: Not reported |
| π. χ. (2020) 52 | Mixing method (consideration only for quantitative elements) Contents: N = 441's simultaneous investigation data and mixed research based on the theme analysis of key informant interviews | Measures Country Nepal restricted Country India Travel Form Land Route | Targets: Return immigration surveys from India who enter the Calnari prefecture in Nepali: 441 returning residents at various quarantine centers in Sulks (18-36 years old 63. 9 %, 90 % are workers, 2 % are high Education (12 degrees), 93 % is less than $ 200 per month) | International travel restriction explanation: International travel restrictions and international travel restrictions (no further definitions) implementation: Not reported | Outcam 1: Anxiety Outcom 2: Depression Tracking period: Not reported. | Research period: April 12 to May 15, 2020 C o-research: "All authors declare that there is no competitive interests." Funds "This research is Nepal, Calanari, and the Ministry of Social Development. (MOSD) received funds. |
| Bombelli (2020) 33 | Study (observing) Research regression analysis of synchronous survival data on SME survival rate | Countries applied to measures: Countries restricted by unhearded measures: Unpoded means: Not identified | Target group: Unlone survey target group: 261 small and mediu m-sized business owners in Aveocta (Nigeria), Ogun | International travel restriction explanation: International travel restrictions and international travel restrictions (no further definitions) implementation: Not reported | Economic Effect (A & B): Aviation freight transport capacity (AFT = available cargo ton) monitoring period: January 31, 202 0-June 2018 (A), no report | Survey period: November 20, 201 9-June 2020 coi: Not reported: Not reported |
| Cetin (2020) 34 | Quantitative (sem i-experimental) Research contents: intermittent analysis of vertical stock market data of the Turkish Stock Exchange | Countries that apply to measures: No n-reported (it is unknown whether the measure refers to inbound or outbound travel restrictions) Measures: Not reported (measures are inbound or outbound travel restriction status) Unknown travel has not been identified | Target group: Unpathed research group: Turkish stock market | Explanation of combinations A certain area (and not identified) -The entire border in all regions is closed or prohibited date: Not identified | Economic results 1: Economic market performance (Turk's most important stock market index (BIST-100) closing price, stock price, low price, maximum measurement) Economic results 2: Economic/ Corporate Market Management Index (Turkish Market Management Index ( Measured by PMI)) Monitoring period: Not listed2Survey period: March 23, 2020 COI: Funds have not been reported: No report | Ginei (2020) 53 < Span> Bomberi (2020) 33 |
result
| Report of unintended results (at least one) of trave l-related regulation measures (at least one) is defined as "positive or negative impact, not part of the intended results that are expected to achieve desirable results." 。 | -At intended result of intervention and intended intermediate results (that is, part of the chain of hypothetical causal relationships). | language | All languages | Include standards. | Exclude standards. | Type of publications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Papers on the reciprocated journal or pr e-print server | All other publications including books, book chapters, gray documents | Research design | Quantitative research (including mathematical modeling research) -Procured research (when qualitative methods are used for both data collection and analysis) -Mramus method research (that is, qualitative elements and quantitative elements. Research) -Aall any research design that reports primary experience data. | No n-experimental works such as editorials, commentary, essays, blogs, reports, etc. And literary criticism (whether or not systematic) | Healthy state | Study of control means related to overseas travel to prevent or control SARS-COV-2/COVID-19 |
| All other viruses, diseases, status (except when studying in parallel with SARS-COV-2/COVID-19) | Type of intervention | Border closur e-International travel restrictions (restricted in the target, refusal to travel permit, all other efforts to reduce travel across borders, or maritime) -Arom delivery or departure (questionnaire, question slip, Physical tests, body temperature tests, tests, passive observations, etc.) | -Something between travel measures and other intervention measures (except when the effects of travel measures can be separated) -Measures for travel in Japan (no n-border) -Measures to restrict animals or goods. | result | We will report at least one unintentional result of trave l-related regulation measures. This is defined as a positive or negative effect, not a part of the intended result or a part of the intervention method that is expected to achieve desirable results. | -A expected intervention results-desirable intermediate results (that is, part of the assumed causal relationship chain). |
| language | All languages | Table 1 | Review inclusion standards and exclusion standards | Included standards. | Exclusion criteria | Type of publications |
| Paper on academic journals or pr e-printed servers | All other publications including books, book chapters, gray documents | Research design | Quantitative research (including mathematical modeling research) --Attimony research (when qualitative methods are used for both data collection and analysis) --Mramatic method research (Example .-) | Transi t-related measures in the following categories, or their combinations: -The border closur e-international travel restrictions (all efforts to reduce travel beyond borders, or marine, or marine, or marine. (Including) -Mover or departure (questionnaire, physical examination, body temperature tests, tests, passive observations, etc.) | -Something between travel measures and other intervention measures (except when the effects of travel measures can be separated) --Measures related to travel in Japan (that is, no n-borders) -Measures to limit animals or items | Results < Span> Border closur e-International travel restrictions (including restrictions on immigration, rejection of travel permit, all other efforts to reduce travel beyond borders, or maritime) -Arom delivery or departure (Questionnaire, physical examination, body temperature test, inspection, passive observation, etc.) |
| -Something between travel measures and other intervention measures (except when the effects of travel measures can be separated) -Measures for travel in Japan (no n-border) -Measures to restrict animals or goods. | result | We will report at least one unintentional result of trave l-related regulation measures. This is defined as a positive or negative effect, not a part of the intended result or a part of the intervention method that is expected to achieve desirable results. | -A expected intervention results-desirable intermediate results (that is, part of the assumed causal relationship chain). | language | All languages | Table 1 |
| Review inclusion standards and exclusion standards | Included standards. | Exclusion criteria | Type of publications | Paper on academic journals or pr e-printed servers | All other publications including books, book chapters, gray documents | Research design |
| Quantitative research (including mathematical modeling research) --Attimony research (when qualitative methods are used for both data collection and analysis) --Mramatic method research (Example .-) | Transi t-related measures in the following categories, or their combinations: -The border closur e-international travel restrictions (all efforts to reduce travel beyond borders, or marine, or marine, or marine. (Including) -Mover or departure (questionnaire, physical examination, body temperature tests, tests, passive observations, etc.) | -Something between travel measures and other intervention measures (except when the effects of travel measures can be separated) --Measures related to travel in Japan (that is, no n-borders) -Measures to limit animals or items | As a resul t-international travel restriction s-international travel restrictions (exclusive immigration restrictions, rejection of travel permit, all other efforts to reduce travel across borders, or maritime (including sea)) , Physical tests, body temperature tests, tests, passive observations, etc.) | -Something between travel measures and other intervention measures (except when the effects of travel measures can be separated) -Measures for travel in Japan (no n-border) -Measures to restrict animals or goods. | result | We will report at least one unintentional result of trave l-related regulation measures. This is defined as a positive or negative effect, not a part of the intended result or a part of the intervention method that is expected to achieve desirable results. |
| -A expected intervention results-desirable intermediate results (that is, part of the assumed causal relationship chain). | language | All languages | Table 1 | Review inclusion standards and exclusion standards | Included standards. | Exclusion criteria |
| Type of publications | Paper on academic journals or pr e-printed servers | All other publications including books, book chapters, gray documents | Research design | Quantitative research (including mathematical modeling research) --Attimony research (when qualitative methods are used for both data collection and analysis) --Mramatic method research (eg .- | Transi t-related measures in the following categories, or their combinations: -The border closur e-international travel restrictions (all efforts to reduce travel beyond borders, or marine, or marine, or marine. (Including) -Mover or departure (questionnaire, physical examination, body temperature tests, tests, passive observations, etc.) | -Something between travel measures and other intervention measures (except when the effects of travel measures can be separated) --Measures related to travel in Japan (that is, no n-borders) -Measures to limit animals or items |
| result | Report of unintended results (at least one) of trave l-related regulation measures (at least one) is defined as "positive or negative impact, not part of the intended results that are expected to achieve desirable results." 。 | -At intended result of intervention and intended intermediate results (that is, part of the chain of hypothetical causal relationships). | language | All languages | Specializing in the following general databases and COVID-19 with the aim of containing at least one database that covers each field of medicine, psychology, sociology, economics, and environmental science on December 12, 2020. Search for the database: Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Business Source Complete, Greenfile, APA PSYCINFO, Web of Science-SSCI, COCH RANE COVID-19 Study Register (https: // covid-19. COCHRANE. ORG/), WHO GLOBAL LITERATURE ON CORONAVIRUS DISEASE DATABASE (https: // Search. There is 019-ncov/). | The original search strategy was created for OVID MedLine and was adapted for other databases (appendix 3, supplementary data can be obtained in JTM online). 関連する 96 のレビュー、コメント、考察論文のレトロスペクティブな引用文献検索（付録 4、補足データは JTM オンラインで入手可能）、すべての研究の後方および前方参照文献検索（Web of Science、Microsoft Academic、Google Scholar Was performed) and contacted experts and research authors about missing information. |
| After deleting the duplication, reviewing the title and abstract with two people (BV, CK, KW, JB, Jer, RB, SV), all of the most obvious hypotheses are necessary or necessary. Discussed within a wider review team. In the review stage of the title / abstract, all studies determined to be relevant or ambiguous, two reviews overlapped (AM, BV, CK, KW, KW). , JB, Jer, RB, SLN, SV). The discrepancy was discussed by the two reviewers, and in case of ambiguous, discussions were discussed with the third reviewer and / or a greater review team. At this stage, the final decision of the incorporation was made, and the exclusion reason was documented. | Endnote was used to collect records and manage the decon volumes. I used the Rayyan web application (https: // rayyan. Qcri. org/) to browse the title and abstract. | One reviewer (CK) extracted and mapped data on study characteristics, settings and settings, populations, interventions, and outcomes from all included studies using a customized data extraction form in Microsoft Excel. The extraction form (Appendix 5, Supplementary Data available in JTM Online) was pilot tested by the review team with four studies, then discussed and revised as necessary. One reviewer (JMS) reviewed all extracted data. The reviewer (CK) linked, summarized, and reported the extracted data in narrative, graphical, and tabular form based on the following predefined and inductively tailored categories of unintended outcomes: (i) “quality of life, well-being, and mental health”, (ii) “physical health, health behaviors, health risks, and health beyond Covid-19”, (iii) “equity, equity, and fair distribution of benefits and burdens”, (iv) “societal impacts”, (v) “environmental impacts”, (vi) “economic outcomes”, and (vii) “health system outcomes” (see Figure 1). | First, we considered an overview of each study’s design, setting and framework, population, intervention, and outcomes. We then presented our findings in the form of a graphical evidence map, and each cell of the map (each representing a specific intervention category and occupation combination) was filled with descriptive information about the number and type of studies, if any, that had examined that intervention-outcome pair. This is followed by a summary of the findings reported by the study authors, including outcome estimates where available. | The database search yielded 7392 unique post-abduction records. After inspection of titles and abstracts, 299 articles were retained for full-text review. An additional 25 records identified by searching reference lists of previous reviews and 43 records identified by forward and backward reference searches of included studies were added, bringing the total number of full-text records reviewed to 367. Of these, 23 studies met the inclusion criteria (19 journal articles and 4 preprints). Studies excluded and the reasons for their exclusion are listed in Appendix 6, and supplementary data are available in JTM online. | Figure 2 | Prisma flow chart. |
| This section briefly shows the outline of the research design, settings and backgrounds, groups, interventions, and outcomes. Table 2 is also summarized in the characteristics of individual research. | Table 2 | If one study reports multiple groups, interventions and/ or outsits, the scenario to which we belong to is described in alphabetical order (A, B, C, ...). | Research identity | Research design and method. | Settings and backgrounds. | Group. |
| Travel management measures. | Result. | Note. | Abyen (2020) 42 | Study (observing) Research regression analysis of synchronous survival data on SME survival rate | Countries applied to measures: Countries restricted by unhearded measures: Unpoded means: Not identified | Target group: Unlone survey target group: 261 small and mediu m-sized business owners in Aveocta (Nigeria), Ogun |
| International travel restriction explanation: International travel restrictions and international travel restrictions (no further definitions) implementation: Not reported | Economic Subconception: SME survival tracking period: Not reported | Research period: Not reported coi: Unpoded fund procurement: Not reported | π. χ. (2020) 52 | Mixing method (consideration only for quantitative elements) Contents: N = 441's simultaneous investigation data and mixed research based on the theme analysis of key informant interviews | Measures Country Nepal restricted Country India Travel Form Land Route | Targets: Return immigration surveys from India who enter the Calnari prefecture in Nepali: 441 returning residents at various quarantine centers in Sulks (18-36 years old 63. 9 %, 90 % are workers, 2 % are high Education (12 degrees), 93 % is less than $ 200 per month) |
| Isolation or (self) Description (Self) At a quarantine station in western Nepal, it has not been reported for at least 14 days of quarantine after entering the Carnari area. | Outcam 1: Anxiety Outcom 2: Depression Tracking period: Not reported. | Research period: April 12 to May 15, 2020 C o-research: "All authors declare that there is no competitive interests." Funds "This research is Nepal, Calanari, and the Ministry of Social Development. (MOSD) provided funds. Table 2 is also summarized in the characteristics of individual research. | Table 2 | Review inclusion standards and exclusion standards | Research identity | Research design and method. |
| Settings and backgrounds. | Group. | Travel management measures. | Result. | Note. | Abyen (2020) 42 | Study of control means related to overseas travel to prevent or control SARS-COV-2/COVID-19 |
| Countries applied to measures: Countries restricted by unhearded measures: Unpoded means: Not identified | Target group: Unlone survey target group: 261 small and mediu m-sized business owners in Aveocta (Nigeria), Ogun | International travel restriction explanation: International travel restrictions and international travel restrictions (no further definitions) implementation: Not reported | Economic Subconception: SME survival tracking period: Not reported | Research period: Not reported coi: Unpoded fund procurement: Not reported | π. χ. (2020) 52 | Mixing method (consideration only for quantitative elements) Contents: N = 441's simultaneous investigation data and mixed research based on the theme analysis of key informant interviews |
| Measures Country Nepal restricted Country India Travel Form Land Route | Targets: Return immigration surveys from India who enter the Calnari prefecture in Nepali: 441 returning residents at various quarantine centers in Sulks (18-36 years old 63. 9 %, 90 % are workers, 2 % are high Education (12 degrees), 93 % is less than $ 200 per month) | Isolation or (self) Description (Self) At a quarantine station in western Nepal, it has not been reported for at least 14 days of quarantine after entering the Carnari area. | Outcam 1: Anxiety Outcom 2: Depression Tracking period: Not reported. | Research period: April 12 to May 15, 2020 C o-research: "All authors declare that there is no competitive interests." Funds "This research is Nepal, Calanari, and the Ministry of Social Development. (MOSD) provided funds. "In this section, we will briefly show the research design, background, intervening, and outcomes. Table 2 is also summarized in the characteristics of individual research. | Table 2 | If one study reports multiple groups, interventions and/ or outsits, the scenario to which we belong to is described in alphabetical order (A, B, C, ...). |
| Research identity | Research design and method. | Research design | Group. | Travel management measures. | Result. | Note. |
| Abyen (2020) 42 | Study (observing) Research regression analysis of synchronous survival data on SME survival rate | Countries applied to measures: Countries restricted by unhearded measures: Unpoded means: Not identified | Target group: Unlone survey target group: 261 small and mediu m-sized business owners in Aveocta (Nigeria), Ogun | International travel restriction explanation: International travel restrictions and international travel restrictions (no further definitions) implementation: Not reported | Economic Subconception: SME survival tracking period: Not reported | Research period: Not reported coi: Unpoded fund procurement: Not reported |
| π. χ. (2020) 52 | Mixing method (consideration only for quantitative elements) Contents: N = 441's simultaneous investigation data and mixed research based on the theme analysis of key informant interviews | Measures Country Nepal restricted Country India Travel Form Land Route | Targets: Return immigration surveys from India who enter the Calnari prefecture in Nepali: 441 returning residents at various quarantine centers in Sulks (18-36 years old 63. 9 %, 90 % are workers, 2 % are high Education (12 degrees), 93 % is less than $ 200 per month) | International travel restriction explanation: International travel restrictions and international travel restrictions (no further definitions) implementation: Not reported | Outcam 1: Anxiety Outcom 2: Depression Tracking period: Not reported. | Research period: April 12 to May 15, 2020 C o-research: "All authors declare that there is no competitive interests." Funds "This research is Nepal, Calanari, and the Ministry of Social Development. (MOSD) received funds. |
| Bombelli (2020) 33 | Study (observing) Research regression analysis of synchronous survival data on SME survival rate | Countries applied to measures: Countries restricted by unhearded measures: Unpoded means: Not identified | Target group: Unlone survey target group: 261 small and mediu m-sized business owners in Aveocta (Nigeria), Ogun | International travel restriction explanation: International travel restrictions and international travel restrictions (no further definitions) implementation: Not reported | Economic Effect (A & B): Aviation freight transport capacity (AFT = available cargo ton) monitoring period: January 31, 202 0-June 2018 (A), no report | Survey period: November 20, 201 9-June 2020 coi: Not reported: Not reported |
| Cetin (2020) 34 | Quantitative (sem i-experimental) Research contents: intermittent analysis of vertical stock market data of the Turkish Stock Exchange | Countries that apply to measures: No n-reported (it is unknown whether the measure refers to inbound or outbound travel restrictions) Measures: Not reported (measures are inbound or outbound travel restriction status) Unknown travel has not been identified | Target group: Unpathed research group: Turkish stock market | Explanation of combinations A certain area (and not identified) -The entire border in all regions is closed or prohibited date: Not identified | Economic results 1: Economic market performance (Turk's most important stock market index (BIST-100) closing price, stock price, low price, maximum measurement) Economic results 2: Economic/ Corporate Market Management Index (Turkish Market Management Index ( Measured by PMI)) Monitoring period: Not listed2Survey period: March 23, 2020 COI: Funds have not been reported: No report | Ginei (2020) 53 < Span> Bomberi (2020) 33 |
| Report of unintended results (at least one) of trave l-related regulation measures (at least one) is defined as "positive or negative impact, not part of the intended results that are expected to achieve desirable results." 。 | -At intended result of intervention and intended intermediate results (that is, part of the chain of hypothetical causal relationships). | language | All languages | Include standards. | Exclude standards. | Type of publications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Papers on the reciprocated journal or pr e-print server | All other publications including books, book chapters, gray documents | Research design | Quantitative research (including mathematical modeling research) -Procured research (when qualitative methods are used for both data collection and analysis) -Mramus method research (that is, qualitative elements and quantitative elements. Research) -Aall any research design that reports primary experience data. | No n-experimental works such as editorials, commentary, essays, blogs, reports, etc. And literary criticism (whether or not systematic) | Healthy state | Study of control means related to overseas travel to prevent or control SARS-COV-2/COVID-19 |
| All other viruses, diseases, status (except when studying in parallel with SARS-COV-2/COVID-19) | Type of intervention | Border closur e-International travel restrictions (restricted in the target, refusal to travel permit, all other efforts to reduce travel across borders, or maritime) -Arom delivery or departure (questionnaire, question slip, Physical tests, body temperature tests, tests, passive observations, etc.) | -Something between travel measures and other intervention measures (except when the effects of travel measures can be separated) -Measures for travel in Japan (no n-border) -Measures to restrict animals or goods. | result | We will report at least one unintentional result of trave l-related regulation measures. This is defined as a positive or negative effect, not a part of the intended result or a part of the intervention method that is expected to achieve desirable results. | -A expected intervention results-desirable intermediate results (that is, part of the assumed causal relationship chain). |
| language | All languages | Table 1 | Review inclusion standards and exclusion standards | Included standards. | Exclusion criteria | Type of publications |
| Paper on academic journals or pr e-printed servers | All other publications including books, book chapters, gray documents | Research design | Quantitative research (including mathematical modeling research) --Attimony research (when qualitative methods are used for both data collection and analysis) --Mramatic method research (Example .-) | Transi t-related measures in the following categories, or their combinations: -The border closur e-international travel restrictions (all efforts to reduce travel beyond borders, or marine, or marine, or marine. (Including) -Mover or departure (questionnaire, physical examination, body temperature tests, tests, passive observations, etc.) | -Something between travel measures and other intervention measures (except when the effects of travel measures can be separated) --Measures related to travel in Japan (that is, no n-borders) -Measures to limit animals or items | Results < Span> Border closur e-International travel restrictions (including restrictions on immigration, rejection of travel permit, all other efforts to reduce travel beyond borders, or maritime) -Arom delivery or departure (Questionnaire, physical examination, body temperature test, inspection, passive observation, etc.) |
| -Something between travel measures and other intervention measures (except when the effects of travel measures can be separated) -Measures for travel in Japan (no n-border) -Measures to restrict animals or goods. | result | We will report at least one unintentional result of trave l-related regulation measures. This is defined as a positive or negative effect, not a part of the intended result or a part of the intervention method that is expected to achieve desirable results. | -A expected intervention results-desirable intermediate results (that is, part of the assumed causal relationship chain). | language | All languages | Table 1 |
| Review inclusion standards and exclusion standards | Included standards. | Exclusion criteria | Type of publications | Paper on academic journals or pr e-printed servers | All other publications including books, book chapters, gray documents | Research design |
| Quantitative research (including mathematical modeling research) --Attimony research (when qualitative methods are used for both data collection and analysis) --Mramatic method research (Example .-) | Transi t-related measures in the following categories, or their combinations: -The border closur e-international travel restrictions (all efforts to reduce travel beyond borders, or marine, or marine, or marine. (Including) -Mover or departure (questionnaire, physical examination, body temperature tests, tests, passive observations, etc.) | -Something between travel measures and other intervention measures (except when the effects of travel measures can be separated) --Measures related to travel in Japan (that is, no n-borders) -Measures to limit animals or items | As a resul t-international travel restriction s-international travel restrictions (exclusive immigration restrictions, rejection of travel permit, all other efforts to reduce travel across borders, or maritime (including sea)) , Physical tests, body temperature tests, tests, passive observations, etc.) | -Something between travel measures and other intervention measures (except when the effects of travel measures can be separated) -Measures for travel in Japan (no n-border) -Measures to restrict animals or goods. | result | We will report at least one unintentional result of trave l-related regulation measures. This is defined as a positive or negative effect, not a part of the intended result or a part of the intervention method that is expected to achieve desirable results. |
| -A expected intervention results-desirable intermediate results (that is, part of the assumed causal relationship chain). | language | All languages | Table 1 | Review inclusion standards and exclusion standards | Included standards. | Exclusion criteria |
| Type of publications | Paper on academic journals or pr e-printed servers | All other publications including books, book chapters, gray documents | Research design | Quantitative research (including mathematical modeling research) --Attimony research (when qualitative methods are used for both data collection and analysis) --Mramatic method research (eg .- | Transi t-related measures in the following categories, or their combinations: -The border closur e-international travel restrictions (all efforts to reduce travel beyond borders, or marine, or marine, or marine. (Including) -Mover or departure (questionnaire, physical examination, body temperature tests, tests, passive observations, etc.) | -Something between travel measures and other intervention measures (except when the effects of travel measures can be separated) --Measures related to travel in Japan (that is, no n-borders) -Measures to limit animals or items |
| result | Report of unintended results (at least one) of trave l-related regulation measures (at least one) is defined as "positive or negative impact, not part of the intended results that are expected to achieve desirable results." 。 | -At intended result of intervention and intended intermediate results (that is, part of the chain of hypothetical causal relationships). | language | All languages | Specializing in the following general databases and COVID-19 with the aim of containing at least one database that covers each field of medicine, psychology, sociology, economics, and environmental science on December 12, 2020. Search for the database: Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Business Source Complete, Greenfile, APA PSYCINFO, Web of Science-SSCI, COCH RANE COVID-19 Study Register (https: // covid-19. COCHRANE. ORG/), WHO GLOBAL LITERATURE ON CORONAVIRUS DISEASE DATABASE (https: // Search. There is 019-ncov/). | The original search strategy was created for OVID MedLine and was adapted for other databases (appendix 3, supplementary data can be obtained in JTM online). 関連する 96 のレビュー、コメント、考察論文のレトロスペクティブな引用文献検索（付録 4、補足データは JTM オンラインで入手可能）、すべての研究の後方および前方参照文献検索（Web of Science、Microsoft Academic、Google Scholar Was performed) and contacted experts and research authors about missing information. |
| After deleting the duplication, reviewing the title and abstract with two people (BV, CK, KW, JB, Jer, RB, SV), all of the most obvious hypotheses are necessary or necessary. Discussed within a wider review team. In the review stage of the title / abstract, all studies determined to be relevant or ambiguous, two reviews overlapped (AM, BV, CK, KW, KW). , JB, Jer, RB, SLN, SV). The discrepancy was discussed by the two reviewers, and in case of ambiguous, discussions were discussed with the third reviewer and / or a greater review team. At this stage, the final decision of the incorporation was made, and the exclusion reason was documented. | Endnote was used to collect records and manage the decon volumes. I used the Rayyan web application (https: // rayyan. Qcri. org/) to browse the title and abstract. | One reviewer (CK) extracted and mapped data on study characteristics, settings and settings, populations, interventions, and outcomes from all included studies using a customized data extraction form in Microsoft Excel. The extraction form (Appendix 5, Supplementary Data available in JTM Online) was pilot tested by the review team with four studies, then discussed and revised as necessary. One reviewer (JMS) reviewed all extracted data. The reviewer (CK) linked, summarized, and reported the extracted data in narrative, graphical, and tabular form based on the following predefined and inductively tailored categories of unintended outcomes: (i) “quality of life, well-being, and mental health”, (ii) “physical health, health behaviors, health risks, and health beyond Covid-19”, (iii) “equity, equity, and fair distribution of benefits and burdens”, (iv) “societal impacts”, (v) “environmental impacts”, (vi) “economic outcomes”, and (vii) “health system outcomes” (see Figure 1). | First, we considered an overview of each study’s design, setting and framework, population, intervention, and outcomes. We then presented our findings in the form of a graphical evidence map, and each cell of the map (each representing a specific intervention category and occupation combination) was filled with descriptive information about the number and type of studies, if any, that had examined that intervention-outcome pair. This is followed by a summary of the findings reported by the study authors, including outcome estimates where available. | The database search yielded 7392 unique post-abduction records. After inspection of titles and abstracts, 299 articles were retained for full-text review. An additional 25 records identified by searching reference lists of previous reviews and 43 records identified by forward and backward reference searches of included studies were added, bringing the total number of full-text records reviewed to 367. Of these, 23 studies met the inclusion criteria (19 journal articles and 4 preprints). Studies excluded and the reasons for their exclusion are listed in Appendix 6, and supplementary data are available in JTM online. | Figure 2 | Prisma flow chart. |
| This section briefly shows the outline of the research design, settings and backgrounds, groups, interventions, and outcomes. Table 2 is also summarized in the characteristics of individual research. | Table 2 | If one study reports multiple groups, interventions and/ or outsits, the scenario to which we belong to is described in alphabetical order (A, B, C, ...). | Research identity | Research design and method. | Settings and backgrounds. | Group. |
| Travel management measures. | Result. | Note. | Abyen (2020) 42 | Study (observing) Research regression analysis of synchronous survival data on SME survival rate | Countries applied to measures: Countries restricted by unhearded measures: Unpoded means: Not identified | Target group: Unlone survey target group: 261 small and mediu m-sized business owners in Aveocta (Nigeria), Ogun |
| International travel restriction explanation: International travel restrictions and international travel restrictions (no further definitions) implementation: Not reported | Economic Subconception: SME survival tracking period: Not reported | Research period: Not reported coi: Unpoded fund procurement: Not reported | π. χ. (2020) 52 | Mixing method (consideration only for quantitative elements) Contents: N = 441's simultaneous investigation data and mixed research based on the theme analysis of key informant interviews | Measures Country Nepal restricted Country India Travel Form Land Route | Targets: Return immigration surveys from India who enter the Calnari prefecture in Nepali: 441 returning residents at various quarantine centers in Sulks (18-36 years old 63. 9 %, 90 % are workers, 2 % are high Education (12 degrees), 93 % is less than $ 200 per month) |
| Isolation or (self) Description (Self) At a quarantine station in western Nepal, it has not been reported for at least 14 days of quarantine after entering the Carnari area. | Outcam 1: Anxiety Outcom 2: Depression Tracking period: Not reported. | Research period: April 12 to May 15, 2020 C o-research: "All authors declare that there is no competitive interests." Funds "This research is Nepal, Calanari, and the Ministry of Social Development. (MOSD) provided funds. Table 2 is also summarized in the characteristics of individual research. | Table 2 | Review inclusion standards and exclusion standards | Research identity | Research design and method. |
| Settings and backgrounds. | Group. | Travel management measures. | Result. | Note. | Abyen (2020) 42 | Study of control means related to overseas travel to prevent or control SARS-COV-2/COVID-19 |
| Countries applied to measures: Countries restricted by unhearded measures: Unpoded means: Not identified | Target group: Unlone survey target group: 261 small and mediu m-sized business owners in Aveocta (Nigeria), Ogun | International travel restriction explanation: International travel restrictions and international travel restrictions (no further definitions) implementation: Not reported | Economic Subconception: SME survival tracking period: Not reported | Research period: Not reported coi: Unpoded fund procurement: Not reported | π. χ. (2020) 52 | Mixing method (consideration only for quantitative elements) Contents: N = 441's simultaneous investigation data and mixed research based on the theme analysis of key informant interviews |
| Measures Country Nepal restricted Country India Travel Form Land Route | Targets: Return immigration surveys from India who enter the Calnari prefecture in Nepali: 441 returning residents at various quarantine centers in Sulks (18-36 years old 63. 9 %, 90 % are workers, 2 % are high Education (12 degrees), 93 % is less than $ 200 per month) | Isolation or (self) Description (Self) At a quarantine station in western Nepal, it has not been reported for at least 14 days of quarantine after entering the Carnari area. | Outcam 1: Anxiety Outcom 2: Depression Tracking period: Not reported. | Research period: April 12 to May 15, 2020 C o-research: "All authors declare that there is no competitive interests." Funds "This research is Nepal, Calanari, and the Ministry of Social Development. (MOSD) provided funds. "In this section, we will briefly show the research design, background, intervening, and outcomes. Table 2 is also summarized in the characteristics of individual research. | Table 2 | If one study reports multiple groups, interventions and/ or outsits, the scenario to which we belong to is described in alphabetical order (A, B, C, ...). |
| Research identity | Research design and method. | Research design | Group. | Travel management measures. | Result. | Note. |
| Abyen (2020) 42 | Study (observing) Research regression analysis of synchronous survival data on SME survival rate | Countries applied to measures: Countries restricted by unhearded measures: Unpoded means: Not identified | Target group: Unlone survey target group: 261 small and mediu m-sized business owners in Aveocta (Nigeria), Ogun | International travel restriction explanation: International travel restrictions and international travel restrictions (no further definitions) implementation: Not reported | Economic Subconception: SME survival tracking period: Not reported | Research period: Not reported coi: Unpoded fund procurement: Not reported |
| π. χ. (2020) 52 | Mixing method (consideration only for quantitative elements) Contents: N = 441's simultaneous investigation data and mixed research based on the theme analysis of key informant interviews | Measures Country Nepal restricted Country India Travel Form Land Route | Targets: Return immigration surveys from India who enter the Calnari prefecture in Nepali: 441 returning residents at various quarantine centers in Sulks (18-36 years old 63. 9 %, 90 % are workers, 2 % are high Education (12 degrees), 93 % is less than $ 200 per month) | International travel restriction explanation: International travel restrictions and international travel restrictions (no further definitions) implementation: Not reported | Outcam 1: Anxiety Outcom 2: Depression Tracking period: Not reported. | Research period: April 12 to May 15, 2020 C o-research: "All authors declare that there is no competitive interests." Funds "This research is Nepal, Calanari, and the Ministry of Social Development. (MOSD) received funds. |
| Bombelli (2020) 33 | Study (observing) Research regression analysis of synchronous survival data on SME survival rate | Countries applied to measures: Countries restricted by unhearded measures: Unpoded means: Not identified | Target group: Unlone survey target group: 261 small and mediu m-sized business owners in Aveocta (Nigeria), Ogun | International travel restriction explanation: International travel restrictions and international travel restrictions (no further definitions) implementation: Not reported | Economic Effect (A & B): Aviation freight transport capacity (AFT = available cargo ton) monitoring period: January 31, 202 0-June 2018 (A), no report | Survey period: November 20, 201 9-June 2020 coi: Not reported: Not reported |
| Cetin (2020) 34 | Quantitative (sem i-experimental) Research contents: intermittent analysis of vertical stock market data of the Turkish Stock Exchange | Countries that apply to measures: No n-reported (it is unknown whether the measure refers to inbound or outbound travel restrictions) Measures: Not reported (measures are inbound or outbound travel restriction status) Unknown travel has not been identified | Target group: Unpathed research group: Turkish stock market | Explanation of combinations A certain area (and not identified) -The entire border in all regions is closed or prohibited date: Not identified | Economic results 1: Economic market performance (Turk's most important stock market index (BIST-100) closing price, stock price, low price, maximum measurement) Economic results 2: Economic/ Corporate Market Management Index (Turkish Market Management Index ( Measured by PMI)) Monitoring period: Not listed2Survey period: March 23, 2020 COI: Funds have not been reported: No report | Ginei (2020) 53 < Span> Bomberi (2020) 33 |
Study design
Setting and context
Population
Intervention
Outcomes
Graphical summary and evidence gap map
2
Narrative summary of findings
Border closures
International travel restrictions
22
Quarantine of travellers crossing national borders
Combinations of international travel measures
Discussion
Strengths, limitations and methodological reflections
2
Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Authors’ contributions
Funding
Conflict of interest
Unintended health and societal consequences of international travel measures during the COVID pandemic: a scoping review · Carmen KlingerJ. Burns +8. Contact-intensive services key to the tourism and travel sectors are disproportionately affected by the pandemic and will continue to struggle until people feel. Recent health emergencies have revealed, however, that individuals and communities experienced unintended negative consequences of PHSM, including unemployment.
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accepted